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Development and external validation of the ‘Global Surgical-Site Infection’ (GloSSI) predictive model in adult patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2024-06-12) KA, McLean; SR, Knight; N, Clark; A, Ademuyiwa; A, Adisa; M, Aguilera-Arevalo; D, Ghosh; PD, Haque; I, Lawani; A Ramos-De la, Medina; F, Ntirenganya; S, Samuel; S, Tabiri; JF, Simões; CA, Shaw; SK, Kamarajah; M, Picciochi; R, Pius; T, Pinkney; E, Li; D, Morton; D, Nepogodiev; JC, Glasbey; A, Bhangu; EM, Harrison; AO, Ademuyiwa; AO, Adisa; ML, Aguilera; A, Altamini; P, Alexander; SW, Al-Saqqa; G, Borda-Luque; J, Cornick; A, Costas-Chavarri; TM, Drake; SJ, Fergusson; JE, Fitzgerald; J, Glasbey; JA, Ingabire; L, Ismaïl; Z, Jaffry; HK, Salem; C, Khatri; A, Kirby; ATT, Kojo; MC, Lapitan; R, Lilford; AL, Mihaljevic; M, Mohan; D, Morton; AZ, Mutabazi; D, Nepogodiev; F, Ntirenganya; R, Ots; F, Pata; T, Pinkney; T, Poškus; AU, Qureshi; A Ramos-De la, Medina; S, Rayne; G, Recinos; K, Søreide; CA, Shaw; S, Shu; R, Spence; N, Smart; S, Tabiri; EM, Harrison; A, Bhangu; A, Verjee; E, Runigamugabo; THA, Ali; S, Rekhis; M, Rommaneh; O, Halhouli; ZH, Sam; L, Ismaïl; V, Kalles; F, Pata; GE, Nita; F, Coccolini; L, Ansaloni; TB, Pugliesi; R, Blanco; N, Gobin; AV, Freitas; N, Hall; S, Kim; A, Negida; H, Khairy; Z, Jaffry; SJ, Chapman; AP, Arnaud; S, Tabiri; G, Recinos; Cutting Edge, Manipal; M, Mohan; R, Amandito; M, Shawki; M, Hanrahan; F, Pata; C, Khatri; J, Zilinskas; AC, Roslani; CC, Goh; AO, Ademuyiwa; G, Irwin; S, Shu; L, Luque; H, Shiwani; A, Altamimi; SJ, Fergusson; R, Spence; S, Rayne; J, Jeyakumar; Y, Cengiz; DA, Raptis; JC, Glasbey; MM, Modolo; D, Iyer; S, King; T, Arthur; SN, Nahar; A, Waterman; L, Ismaïl; M, Walsh; A, Agarwal; A, Zani; M, Firdouse; T, Rouse; Q, Liu; JC, Correa; HK, Salem; P, Talving; M, Worku; A, Arnaud; S, Tabiri; V, Kalles; ML, Aguilera; G, Recinos; B, Kumar; S, Kumar; R, Amandito; R, Quek; F, Pata; L, Ansaloni; A, Altibi; D, Venskutonis; J, Zilinskas; T, Poskus; J, Whitaker; V, Msosa; YY, Tew; A, Farrugia; E, Borg; A Ramos-De la, Medina; Z, Bentounsi; AO, Ademuyiwa; K, Søreide; T, Gala; I, Al-Slaibi; H, Tahboub; OH, Alser; D, Romani; S, Shu; P, Major; A, Mironescu; M, Bratu; A, Kourdouli; A, Ndajiwo; A, Altwijri; MU, Alsaggaf; A, Gudal; JJ, Al-Faifi; S, Seisay; B, Lieske; S, Rayne; R, Spence; I, Ortega; J, Jeyakumar; KJ, Senanayake; O, Abdulbagi; Y, Cengiz; D, Raptis; Y, Altinel; C, Kong; E, Teasdale; G, Irwin; M, Stoddart; R, Kabariti; S, Suresh; K, Gash; R, Narayanan; M, Maimbo; R, Balmaceda; C, Fermani; MM, Modolo; R, Chenn; M, Edye; N, Gobin; E, Macdermid; CO, Yong; SK, D'amours; D, Iyer; M, Jarmin; J, Brown; N, Phillips; D, Youssef; R, George; C, Koh; O, Warren; I, Hanley; M, Dickfos; C, Nawara; F, Primavesi; D, Öfner; H, Hakim; M, Hussain; T, Kumar; K, Mahmud; AR, Mitul; A, Oosterkamp; PA, Assouto; I, Lawani; YI, Souaibou; VDP, Castillo; G, Moreira; MM, Munhoz; MC, Careta; SAK, Ferreira; LCB De Castro, Segundo; ADL, Cury; SB, Kim; AV De, Sousa; GP, Fraga; DVD, Santos; RL, Simoes; GPS, Miguel; BP, Silvestre; AVC De, Freitas; CO, Felipe; LAV, Laufer; JGP, Vianna; F, Altoe; TF, Giuriato; JS, Luiz; PAB, Morais; ML, Pimenta; LAD, Silva; R, Araujo; A, Leal; M, Leal; J, Menegussi; LS, Tatagiba; CVB De, Lima; CL, Chong; AK, Tun; KP, Aung; CL, Chong; LS, Yeo; CL, Chong; GH, Devadasar; MRM, Qadir; S, Stock; J, Brown; J, Kabba; TE, Ngwa; S, Nigo; DL, Deckelbaum; A, Horobjowsky; T, Razek; K, Bailey; B, Cameron; M, Livingston; A, Agarwal; G, Azzie; M, Firdouse; S, King; S, Kushwaha; A, Zani; N, D'aguzan; E, Grasset; B, Marinkovic; E, Grasset; J, Jimenez; R, Macchiavello; W, Guo; J, Oh; Z, Zhang; F, Zheng; M, Mendez; I, Montes; S, Sierra; MCM, Arango; I, Mendoza; MI, Villegas; FAN, Aristizã bal; JAM, Botero; VMQ, Riaza; MCM, Arango; C, Morales; J, Restrepo; MCM, Arango; H, Cruz; A, Munera; N, Pezelj; M, Radic; K, Zamarin; E, Domini; R, Karlo; J, Mihanovic; M, Hache-Marliere; SB, Lemaire; R, Rivas; MAB, Fahmy; A, Hassan; A, Khyrallh; G, Shimy; I, AbdelFattah; M, Abdulgawad; M, Abozaid; A, Adel; A, Al-Mallah; M, Alhendy; M, Baheeg; A, Elgebaly; AE, Elshafay; AA, Fattah; M, Gemeah; A, Gharib; A, Gharib; A, Gouda; M, Hanafy; A, Hasan; A, Kenibar; A, Menshawy; A, Mohammed; A, Mohammed; O, Osman; O, Saleh; A, Sayed; M, Abdelkader; M, Asal; M, Elfil; M, Ghoneem; MEAM, Gohar; A, Gomaa; M, Gomah; M, Karkeet; A, Nabawi; H, Rashwan; O, Alahmady; A, Alkammash; AAA, Ata; AM, Attia; AA El, Galeel; NA El, Hamid; KS, El-Dien; E, Elbanby; AM, Elkorashy; U, Hantour; AHE, Kotb; B, Mansour; M, Nasr; M, Saeed; NYE, Abdel-Wahab; MAF, Abozyed; A, Adel; GS El, Sayed; SS, Elkolaly; KT, Lasheen; AM, Saeed; EMS, Taha; JH, Youssif; SM, Ahmed; NS, El-Shahat; AEH, Khedr; AM, Afifi; OS, Ebrahim; MM, Metwally; M, Abbas; M, Abdelraheim; KN El, Deen; AE, Elnemr; AO, Elsebaaye; I, Elzayat; M, Elzayat; I, Elzayyat; D, Hemeda; H, Khaled; M, Rashad; O, Salah; M, Salama; M, Seisa; G, Tawfik; M, Warda; M, Elkhadrawi; K, Elshaer; A, Hussein; A, Abdelgelil; S, Abdelghany; A, Aboarab; M, Aboraya; AA, Al-Aarag; A El, Kholy; M, Elbermawy; F, Elkady; A, Elkholy; R, Elmelegy; DME, Elsawahly; S, Elshanwany; R, Fakher; AA, Ghazy; A, Haroun; E, Nofal; H, Safa; A, Sakr; M, Salma; H, Samih; A, Samir; S, Samy; E, Ghanem; G El, Ashal; Y El, Shoura; AM, Hammad; H, Khairy; A, Tammam; E, Abdallah; M, Abdelshafy; A, Abouzahra; T, Alzayat; S, Antar; H, Elfeki; FI, Elgendy; S, Elsheikh; E, Gamaly; MGM, Hamad; M, Hosh; B, Magdy; S, Mehrez; Y, Abd-Elrasoul; M, Abuseif; M, Alrahawy; M, Ammar; MS, Ammar; SAE, Barakat; FA, El-Salam; A, Elkelany; A, Elkelany; YA, Elrasoul; N, Elsayed; H, Elwakil; M, Etman; A, Eysa; Y, Hegazy; M, Morsi; M, Mustafa; A, Nasr; A, Raslan; A, Rslan; S, Saad; A, Sabry; A, Sadek; O, Seifelnasr; H, Shaker; AG, Toeema; H, Zidan; H, Zidan; H, El-Kashef; M, Shaalan; A, Tarek; A, Almallah; A, Elwan; A, Elwan; D, Emadeldin; A, Fouad; MA, Ghonaim; AR, Nayel; EA, Sayma; M, Seif; OSA El, Hameed; AS, El-Ma'doul; A, Elbatahgy; DEAA, Elsorogy; A, Lasheen; A, Mosad; HA, Mostafa; AA, Omar; H, Tolba; YA El, Salam; M, Ismail; A, Morsi; A, Abouelnasr; A, Afandy; MA, Amer; M, Amreia; NA, Attallah; S, Ayad; AA El, Magd; AS, El-Hamouly; HA, El-badawy; A, Elkelany; A, Elkelany; S, Elsobky; AT, Hafez; A, Marey; A, Mokhtar; O, Mosalum; M, Mustafa; R, Sakr; R, Shaker; R, Shaker; MF, Zalabia; EA, Ahmed; A, Fadel; MM, Mohamed; I, AlYoussef; A, Aldalaq; A, Ali; D, Alkhabbaz; E, Alnawam; MG, Alwafai; AK, Aly; A, Dwydar; H, El-Sheemy; S, Kharsa; E, Mamdouh; M, Elashmawy; AA, Elazayem; I, Elkadsh; ZM, Elsayed; A, Elwaey; S, Ghanem; S, Hussein; A, Meshref; M, Mousa; A, Nashaat; M, Saad; M, Darweesh; M, Hafez; A, Mohameden; A, Badr; A, Badwy; MA El, Slam; A, Abdelkareem; M, Aboraya; K, Abozeid; S, Al-Nahrawi; M, Allam; M, Ameen; S, Aql; H, Dawoud; A El, Gendy; S El, Mesery; M, Elazoul; L, Eldamaty; AOA, Elhendawy; M, Elsehimy; M, Elshobary; A, Fahiem; A, Hagar; A, Hashish; M, Hashish; AS, Marey; F, Nada; S, Sarsik; S, Shehata; M, Zidan; NM, Badwi; N, Elfouly; Y, Elfouly; AS, Elsherbiny; A, Fawzy; A, Gheith; MA, Habeeb; A, Hassan; M, Husseini; Y, Ibrahim; E, Kasem; O, Mohamed; MMH, Mohammed; M, Rashid; B, Sieda; AR, Soliman; N, Starr; M, Worku; NS, Abebe; S, Desta; S, Wondimu; FA, Asele; D, Dabessa; E, Thomas; NS, Abebe; AB, Zerihun; A, Leppäniemi; P, Mentula; V, Sallinen; Q, Alimi; E, Gaignard; V, Graffeille; Q, Alimi; E, Gaignard; V, Graffieille; O, Abbo; O, Bouali; S, Mouttalib; Y, Aigrain; N, Botto; E, Hervieux; A, Faure; L, Fievet; N, Panait; E, Eyssartier; G, Podevin; F, Schmitt; AP, Arnaud; A, Martin; V, Parent; A, Bonnard; C, Muller; M, Peycelon; F, Frade; S, Irtan; A, Scalabre; F, Abantanga; K, Boakye-Yiadom; M, Bukari; F, Owusu; J, Awuku-Asabre; LD, Bray; S, Tabiri; A, Bamicha; D, Lytras; K, Psarianos; E, Kefalidi; G, Gemenetzis; C, Agalianos; C, Dervenis; N, Gouvas; D, Karousos; M, Kontos; G, Kouraklis; S, Germanos; C, Marinos; C, Anthoulakis; N, Mitroudis; N, Nikoloudis; S, Estupinian; W, Forno; G, Recinos; JRA, Azmitia; CCR, Cabrera; M, Aguilera; R, Guevara; N, Mendez; CAA, Mendizabal; P, Ramazzini; MC, Urquizu; E, Barrios; E, Barrios; R, Soley; F, Tale; SMC, Mérida; DEM, Rodríguez; CIP, Velásquez; M, Lopez; F, Regalado; M, Siguantay; FY, Lam; MF, Leung; KKK, Li; WS, Li; T, Mak; S, Ng; CCL, Szeto; KJ, Szeto; N, Gyanchandani; A, Kirishnan; SS, Prasad; S, Bhat; SV, Kinnera; A, Sreedharan; BS, Kumar; M, Rangarajan; S, Kumar; Y, Reddy; C, Venugopal; A, Mittal; HN, Lakshmi; P, Malik; S, Nadkarni; P, Jain; N, Limaye; S, Pai; M, Khajanchi; R, Satoskar; S, Satoskar; AB, Mahamood; DA, Soeselo; EPR, Sutanto; C, Tedjaatmadja; R, Amandito; M, Mayasari; FN, Rahmawati; IAA, Al-Azraqi; HII, Al-Hameedi; RKMJ, Al-Hasani; HI, Ibraheem; R, Kamil; L, Sabeeh; M, Shawki; MM, Telfah; S, Gosling; M, Mccarthy; A, Rasendran; M, Dablouk; MO, Dablouk; RW, Gilbert; M, Hanrahan; R, Kerley; P, Kielty; E, Marks; L, Mauro; C, Normile; A, Rasendran; J, Sheehan; J, Song; D, Mirghani; SA, Naqvi; CS, Wong; R, Cahill; S, Chung; R, D'cruz; DD, Cadogan; C, Clifford; A, Driscoll; C, Fahy; R, Gilbert; SG, Gosling; M, Hanrahan; M, Mccarthy; C, Normile; A, Powell; A, Rasendran; J, Song; R, Bowe; C, Lee; S, Paul; M, Hanrahan; W, Hutch; K, Mealy; H, Mohan; M, O'neill; A, Bondurri; P, Danelli; A, Maffioli; M, Pasini; G, Pata; S, Roncali; M, Carlucci; R, Faccincani; P, Silvani; K, Khattab; G, Tugnoli; S Di, Saverio; LM, Cloro; MA, Paludi; D, Pata; A, Allegri; L, Ansaloni; F, Coccolini; L, Bortolasi; A, Hasheminia; E, Veronese; A, Benevento; F, Pata; G, Tessera; MD, Canto; S, Cucumazzo; G, Nastri; PP, Grandinetti; GL, Lamanna; A, Maniscalco; E, Rausa; G, Sgroi; L, Turati; A, Allegri; L, Ansaloni; F, Coccolini; D, Merlini; M, Monteleone; R, Villa; A, Cacurri; R, Cirocchi; V, Grassi; L, Bonavina; C, Ceriani; Y, Macchitella; A, Diab; F, Elzowawi; H, Waleed; M, Jokubauskas; K, Varkalys; D, Venskutonis; V, Ambrozeviciute; R, Pranevicius; S, Juciute; A, Skardžiukaitė; A, Austraite; S, Bradulskis; Z, Dambrauskas; R, Riauka; L, Urbanavicius; D, Venskutonis; J, Zilinskas; P, Karumnas; Z, Urniezius; R, Zilinskiene; A, Rudzenskaite; N, Kaselis; M, Montrimaite; A, Usaityte; K, Jokubonis; A, Strazdas; V, Jotautas; A, Kolosov; I, Rakita; V, Beisa; D, Kazanavicius; S, Mikalauskas; T, Poskus; R, Rackauskas; K, Strupas; V, Beisa; E, Laugzemys; K, Maceviciute; T, Poskus; K, Strupas; E, Preckailaite; R, Rakauskas; R, Coomber; K, Johnson; J, Nowers; A, Das; D, Periasammy; A, Salleh; NAN, Abdullah; MN, Kumar; RGE, Tze; NR, Kosai; R, Rajan; M, Taher; HY, Chong; CC, Goh; AC, Roslani; M, Agius; M, Bezzina; E, Borg; R, Bugeja; J, Psaila; A, Spina; M, Vella-Baldacchino; J, Colombani; H, Francois-Coridon; C, Tolg; C, Diaz-Zorrilla; SC, Gonzalez; A Ramos-De la, Medina; M, Jacobe; D, Mapasse; E, Snyder; M, Osman; R, Oumer; L, Anyanwu; A, Mohammad; A, Sheshe; A, Adesina; O, Faturoti; O, Taiwo; MH, Ibrahim; AA, Nasir; SI, Suleiman; A, Adebanjo; A, Adeniyi; O, Adesanya; K, Atobatele; A, Ogunyemi; M, Oludara; O, Oshodi; R, Osuoji; O, Williams; A, Ademuyiwa; F, Alakaloko; C, Bode; O, Elebute; AO, Lawal; A, Osinowo; A, Adesuyi; A, Adekoya; C, Nwokoro; A, Tade; AE, Ajao; OO, Ayandipo; TA, Lawal; SS, Ali; B, Odeyemi; S, Olori; J, Adeniran; A, Adeyeye; A, Popoola; WJ, Lossius; I, Havemann; JK, Narvestad; K, Soreide; K, Thorsen; L, Nymo; TB, Wold; M, Dar; M, Elsiddig; KF, Bhopal; MM, Furqan; Z, Iftikhar; M, Jawaid; A, Khalique; B, Nighat; A, Rashid; A, Zil-E-Ali; HA, Dharamshi; A, Faraz; T, Naqvi; AW, Anwar; W, Anwer; G, Shamsi; GS, Shamsi; T, Yaseen; TM, Yaseen; O, Aguilera; IIZ, Alvarez; HP, Decoud; JM, Delgado; HAS, Lohse; GMM, Vega; WLM, Aguilar; ACM, Bautista; JAC, Chiong; JMV, Celis; DAR, Pozo; J, Hamasaki; J, Herrera-Matta; E, Temoche; LMA, Barreda; RRB, Ojeda; CPG, Torres; O, Garaycochea; F, Fujii; MC, Mollo; MS De, Fã; Tima Linares, Delgado; WLM, Aguilar; ACM, Bautista; JAC, Chiong; MR, Castro; RA, Jaramillo; GB, Luque; AER, Moran; ALC, Vergara; SBS, Yip; CAA, Basto; SYA, Durand; NMU, Rojas; R, Camacho; E, Huaman; S, Zegarra; A, Arenas; C, Hinojosa; RC, Huaraya; S, Limache; CE, Lopez; C, López; M, Machaca; W, Pino; CMH, Puma; LM, Rodriguez; GM, Sila; GM, Sila; MZP De, Leon; MZP De, Leon; J, Costa-Maia; R, Melo; N, Muralha; F, Sauvat; I, Dan; P, Eduard; M, Hogea; M, Beuran; R, Bratu; I, Diaconescu; F, Iordache; B, Martian; M, Vartic; AS, Mironescu; LI, Muntean; LC, Vida; VJP, Nsengimana; A, Niragire; E, Niyirera; J De La Croix Allen, Ingabire; E, Jovine; G, Landolfo; N, Zanini; SA, Alnuqaydan; IN, Alomar; AM, Altwigry; N, Akeel; M, Aljiffry; M, Alsaggaf; A, Altaf; M, Bakhaidar; A, Habeebullah; A, Khoja; AA, Maghrabi; A, Nawawi; M, AlRowais; A, Althwainy; N, Osman; M, Othman; E, Alqahtani; E, Aljohani; R, Alyami; M, Alzahrani; I, Alhabli; E, Aljohani; S, Almuallem; R, Alyami; M, Alzahrani; Z, Mikwar; A, Almoflihi; N, Ghandora; A, Huwait; M, Al-Mousa; A, Al-shammari; W, Adham; S Al, Awwad; B, Albeladi; MA, Alfarsi; M, Alghamdi; A, Mahdi; A, Altamimi; M, Hassanain; T, Nouh; S, Aldhafeeri; O, Algohary; N, Sadig; M, Aledrisy; A, Alrifaie; A, Gudal; U, Alamoudi; M, Alrajraji; A, Shabkah; B, Alghamdi; S, Aljohani; A, Daqeeq; JJ, Al-Faifi; V, Jennings; R, Moore; N, Ngayu; V, Kong; K, Connor; H, Kretzmann; D, Nel; E, Panieri; C, Sampson; R, Spence; S, Rayne; N, Sishuba; J, Carreira; AM, Mphatsoe; M, Tun; E, Teasdale; M, Wagener; S, Botes; D Du, Plessis; F, Fernandez-Bueno; J, Aguilar-Jimenez; JA, Garcia-Marin; LJG, Florez; LS, García; RDA, Pacheco; L, Barneo; C, Lopez-Arevalo; G, Minguez; J, Pagnozzi; JHJ, Quezada; JL, Rodicio; R, Rodríguez-Uría; JPG, Stuva; P, Ugalde; N, Herrera; I, Ortega-Vazquez; L, Rodriguez; PP, Arachchi; LAJJ, Arachchige; WSMKJ, Senanayake; DI, Samaraweera; S, Sivaganesh; V, Thanusan; RMH, Balila; MAEH, Mohamed; AEK, Musa; H, Ali; HZ, Elabdin; A, Hassan; H, Ahmed; SAI, Idris; S, Mahdi; M, Elsayed; M, Elsayed; M, Mahmoud; M, Boijsen; P, Lundgren; U, Gustafsson; A, Kiasat; E, Jurdell; A, Thorell; F, Wogensen; F, Wogensen; L, Andersson; U, Gunnarsson; M, Sund; H, Thorarinsdottir; M, Utter; SM, Sundstrom; A, Kjellin; C, Wredberg; B, Frisk; J, Nyberg; S, Ahlqvist; I, Björklund; Y, Cengiz; H, Royson; P, Weber; H, Royson; P, Weber; E, Borin; H, Pahlsson; M, Hjertberg; V, Despotidis; D, Schivo; R, Schmid; F, Deichsel; A, Gerosa; A, Nocito; L, Eisner; B, Mijuskovic; DA, Raptis; M, Zuber; S, Breitenstein; E, Schadde; RF, Staerkle; S, Kruspi; KB, Reinisch; C, Schoewe; A, Novak; AF, Palma; G, Teufelberger; M, Kimaro; R, King; AZA, Balkan; M, Gumar; MA, Yavuz; U, Karabacak; G, Lap; BB, Ozkan; M, Karakahya; BB, Ozkan; R, Adams; KY, Chang; KD, Clement; R, Gratton; L, Henderson; R, Mcintosh; D, Mcnish; W, Milligan; R, Morton; H, Anderson-Knight; R, Lawther; B, Skelly; J, Onimowo; V, Shatkar; S, Tharmalingam; T, Fautz; E, Woin; O, Ziff; S, Arman; S, Arman; S, Dindyal; V, Gadhvi; S, Talukder; S, Talukder; LS, Chew; J, Heath; N, Blencowe; K, Gash; S, Hallam; GS, Mannu; AC, Snaith; D, Zachariades; TS, Hettiarachchi; A, Nesaratnam; J, Wheeler; JM, Clements; A, Khan; D, McCullagh; A, Ahmed; JLY, Allen; J, Almy; A, Ashton; M, Deputy; T, Khan; F, Koumpa; DC, Marshall; CJ, Mcintyre; C, Neophytou; J, Roth; WC, Soon; J, Vincent; N, Behar; H, Jordan; M, Sykes; Y, Rajjoub; T, Sherman; R, Ardley; A, Watts; T, White; T, Arulampalam; D, Brown; A, Shah; E, Blower; K, Gasteratos; P, Sutton; D, Vimalachandran; G, Irwin; C, Magee; A, Mcguigan; S, Mcaleer; C, Morgan; S, Braungart; P, Labib; K, Lafferty; C, Mangan; C, Mangan; L, Reza; L, Reza; A, Tanase; A, Tanase; C, Gouldthorpe; M, Turner; H, Woodward; TAM, Malik; VK, Proctor; JRL, Wild; J, Davies; K, Hewage; A, Dubois; A, Grant; R, Mcintyre; S, Sarwary; A, Zardab; BFHK, Chong; W, Ho; YP, Mogan; E, Farinella; G, Humm; S, Tewari; NJ, Hall; CP, Major; NJ, Wright; J, Amin; J, Amin; M, Attard; M, Baldacchino; H, Burns; JF, Camilleri-Brennan; J, Camilleri-Brennan; M, Farhad; A, Jabbar; E, Macdonald; J, Richards; AGN, Robertson; J, Skehan; J, Swann; T, Xerri; T, Xerri; P De, Bono; P De, Bono; M, Gimzewska; TF, Hall; G, Mclachlan; J, Giles; J, Shah; S, Chiu; SMY, Chiu; S, Highcock; B, Weber; W, Beasley; S, Dias; M, Hassan; G, Maharaj; R, Mcdonald; A, Vlachogiorgos; A, Baird; A, Macdonald; P, Witherspoon; N, Green; P, Sarmah; H, Youssef; K, Cross; CM, Rees; B Van, Duren; E, Upchurch; H, Abudeeb; A, Hammad; K, Khan; D, Bowley; S, Karandikar; A, Karim; O, Al-Obaedi; A, Bhangu; W, Chachulski; K, Das; G, Dawnay; M, Ghetia; M, Ghetia; A, Mistry; L, Richardson; S, Roy; B, Thompson; DM, Cocker; A, Prabhudesai; JJ, Tan; S, Ayyar; R, Tyler; F Di, Franco; S, Gokani; S, Vivekanantham; M, Gillespie; K, Gudlaugsdottir; C, Currow; MY, Kim; T, Pezas; A, Ali; K, Atkinson; A, Birring; S, Das; J, Edwards; M, Jha; T, Fozard; J, Luck; M, Puttick; H, Ebdewi; S, El-Rabaa; G, Gravante; AA, Ibrahem; Y, Salama; R, Shah; R, Allott; A, Bhargava; H, Nnajiuba; Z, Chan; Z, Hassan; A, Aber; A, Boddy; R, Dean; D, Hemingway; M, Makinde; V, Patel; J, Parakh; S, Parthiban; S, Hosein; HK, Ubhi; K, Malik; S, Ward; M, Alkhouri; J, Barry; C, Houlden; L, Jennings; MK, Kang; T, Newton; S, Bhattacharya; A, Farquharson; I, Raza; K, Chang; L, Henderson; W, Milligan; R, Blundell; E, Chan; I, Ibrahim; PJ, Lim; YN, Neo; AS, North; FS, Peck; A, Williamson; MSJ, Wilson; D, Fouad; A, Minocha; A, Chambers; E, Court; K, Mccarthy; C, Beaton; JC, Tham; J, Yee; S, Bokhari; M, Griffiths; L, Howells; J, Lockey; U, Walsh; L, Yallop; P, Jackson; O, Nasher; S, Singh; T, Fozard; J, Luck; M, Puttick; WC, Ho; G, Pabla; AM, Shariffuddin; MS, Wilson; J, Doughty; S, Ramzi; S, Zeidan; R, Davenport; J, Lewis; S, Sinha; L, Duffy; E, Mcaleer; E, Williams; M, Boal; T, Brogden; E, Griffiths; N, Harrison; O, Javed; D, Nepogodiev; H, Tafazal; DJ, Clark; TE, Glover; RD, Obute; O, Javed; R, Som; M, Akhtar; M, Boshnaq; P, Capleton; S, Doughan; I, Mohamed; M, Rabie; E, Brown; E, Dempster; L, Dickson; A, Garland; M, Kennedy; N, Maple; E, Monaghan; D, Samuel; B, Wolf; D, Anderson; R, Anderson; A, Mcphee; S, Hassan; D, Smith; P, Sutton; C, Boereboom; J, Lund; J, Murphy; G, Tierney; S, Tou; I, Daniels; K, Findlay-Cooper; T, Stasinou; NJ, Smart; AM, Warwick; EF, Zimmermann; R, D'Souza; S, Mitrasinovic; S, Omara; S, Ray; M, Varcada; A, Hanks; L, Parkinson; M, Spurr; E, Abington; J, Ma; M, Ramcharn; G, Williams; ED, Kennedy; J, Winstanley; ENW, Yeung; C, Fairfield; C, Fairfield; SJ, Fergusson; C, Jones; S, Koh; I, Liew; SJ, Lim; H, Nair; S, O'neill; J, Oh; A, Wilson; D, Anandkumar; SF, Ashraf; S, Basson; C, Chandrakumar; AJ, Fowler; TF, Jones; A, Kirupagaran; SM, Lakhani; AL, Mclean; P, Patel; HD, Torrance; J, Batt; N, Benons; C, Bowman; M, Stoddart; R, Harrison; C, Mason; J, Quayle; T, Barker; E, Harper; V, Summerour; M, Hampton; C, Smith; TM, Drake; EG, Heywood; T, O'Connor; SK, Pitt; AE, Ward; A, Chowdhury; S, Hossaini; NF, Watson; A, Chun; A, Farah; D, Mckechnie; H, Koh; G, Lim; G, Sunderland; DRL, Browning; PC, Munipalle; H, Rooney; A, Chambers; L, Gould; E, Decker; S, Giuliani; K, Nemeth; B, Pereira; A, Shalaby; CY, Chen; S, Chhabra; S, Chidambaram; K, Kulasabanathan; A, Szczap; M, Benger; J, Choi; M, Khalili; K, Patel; S, Sheth; P, Singh; EYA, Palkhi; S, Shaikh; CY, Tan; J, Barnacle; P, Harbord; E, Kostov; A, Macfarlane; L, Marples; R, Thurairaja; K, Baillie; S, Hafiz; MM, Palliyil; J, Porter; C, Raslan; M, Saeed; N, Soltani; M, Zikry; T, Boyce; E, Jones; H, Whewell; N, Robertson; F, Th'ng; S, Galloway; A, Mirza; H, Saeed; M, Afzal; G, Elena; M, Zakir; T, Clark; C, Hand; P, Holton; A, Livesey; P, Sodde; A, Sriram; IS, Bharj; FM, Iqbal; Y, Sinha; C, Jenvey; A, Rotundo; R, Slade; AAN, Abdullah; D, Donoghue; L, Giacci; D, Golding; S, Haines; P, Harrison; D, Loughran; MA, Sherif; A, Tang; TW, Tilston; D, Kotecha; P, Acharya; A, Chapman; M, Elshaer; A, Riaz; J, Shalhoub; T, Urbonas; C, Grossart; D, McMorran; W, Hawkins; S, Loizides; M, Mlotshwa; CW, Ho; K, Krishna; M, Orchard; EE, Howie; S, Khan; J, Shukla; F, Taylor; P, Thomson; O, Komolafe; L, Macdonald; N, Mcintyre; J, Cragg; J, Parker; D, Stewart; T, Farooq; L, Lintin; J, Tracy; H, Kaafarani; L, Luque; G, Molina; R, Beyene; J, Sava; M, Scott; R, Kennedy; M, Swaroop; IA, Azodo; T, Chun; D, Heffernan; A, Stephen; V, Punja; M, Sion; MS, Weinstein; N, Bugaev; M, Goodstein; S, Razmdjou; M, Hemmila; L, Napolitano; K, To; E, Etchill; M, Kesinger; JC, Puyana; E, Hoogakker; E, Jenner; O, Todd; G, Galiqi; B, Grizhja; S, Ymeri; R, Balmaceda; JM, Carmona; CG, Fermani; MM, Modolo; S, Villalobos; D, Antezana; S, Aviles; AEM, Beleño; C, Costa; R, Klappenbach; B, Sanchez; D, Cox; P, Deutschmann; D, Hamill; S, Sandler; M, Ashtari; H, Franco; S, D'Amours; D, Iyer; N, Niranjan; D, Ljuhar; R, Nataraja; C, Sharpin; D, Gray; M, Haines; S Al, Amin; S, Alamin; R, Karim; S, Roy; SA, Tori; A, Faruq; M, Haque; F, Iftekhar; TH, Kanta; J, Razzaque; U, Salma; S, Karim; AR, Mitul; NF, Aman; MM, Estee; R, Jonnalagadda; M, O'Shea; G, Padmore; D, Khokha; V, Khokha; A, Filatau; A, Litvin; D, Paulouski; T, Shachykava; M, Shubianok; F, Djivoh; F, Dossou; DG, Gbessi; L, Ismaïl; B, Noukpozounkou; DM, Seto; YI, Souaibou; F, Hodonou; KR, Keke; EYS, Ahounou; T, Alihonou; G, Ahlonsou; M, Dénakpo; AG, Bedada; V, Barendegere; S, Kwizera; C, Nsengiyumva; P, Choi; S, Stock; A, Agarwal; G, Azzie; M, Firdouse; L, Jamal; S, Kushwaha; A, Zani; T, Chen; C, Yip; I, Montes; S, Sierra; F, Zapata; MCM, Arango; MIV, Lanau; IM, Restrepo; MCM, Arango; RSR, Giraldo; S, Sierra; E, Domini; R, Karlo; J, Mihanovic; MA, Abdelaziz; A, Gado; U, Hantour; AM, Ibrahim; K, Ibrahim; M, Abd-Elmawla; M, Abdelkader; MS, Aboul-Naga; N, Adam; LAM, Ahmed; M, Alkelani; M, Allam; MH, Alnaby; A, Assal; M, Ebidy; MM, Ebidy; NH El, Gendy; RA, El-Din; KH, Elbisomy; AH, Elgendy; AA, Elrazek; A, Elsawy; AA, Elsharkawy; M, Fahim; MF, Hamed; AB, Hassanein; A, Ismail; M, Ismail; M, Karkeet; M, Mabrouk; E, Magdy; MI, Mahmoud; R, Mamdouh; ME, Moghazy; M, Mohamed; B, Mowafy; M, Nazir; HAG, Shakshouk; M, Shalaby; M, Sleem; D, Zahran; S, Abdelhady; MR, Aboelsoud; I, Adel; H, Ahmed; N, Anwar; O, Arafa; YH, Asar; SA, Awad; N, Elsabbagh; FA, Elsherif; M, Gadelkarim; S, Gamal; O, Ghoneim; E, Hany; O, Hesham; K, Hilal; A, Hossameldin; M, Ibrahim; EM, Morshedy; ME, Omar; AHEF, Rida; R, Saad; M, Salama; M, Salem; N, Soliman; A, Aamer; AM, Abdelraouf; M, Abdelshakour; MG, Azizeldine; KA, Bassit; A, Dahy; A, Hasan; A, Hashim; A, Ibrahim; B, Mahmoud; MA, Mahmoud; B, Mohamed; M, Qenawy; AM, Rashed; MM, Saad; FA, Sabour; F, Sayed; M, Sayed; AW, Shamsedine; M, Shawqi; A, Attia; KS, El-Dien; A, Shwky; SM, Abdel-Kader; M, Abdelaty; H, Abdulaziz; EM, Abdulhakeem; N, Abdullah; A, Abouzaid; M, Abubakr; S, Alaael-Dein; E, Ali; HAA, Amin; IM El, Sayed; SA, El-Din; EA, Eldeen; MAB, Eldin; AAE, Elhusseiny; NAR, Elsayed; M, Elshaar; D, Gamil; E, Hashad; AAF, Ibraheem; MK, Ismail; MH, Madkor; H, Magdy; SME, Mahmoud; S, Mansour; AR, Mohamed; F, Mohamed; MA, Mohamed; MT, Ramadan; A, Reda; A, Refaat; M, Saami; OM, Salah; MM, Salem; MY, Shawky; NA, Soliman; F, Sroor; M, Talaat; A, Tarek; M, Zakaria; MR, Loaloa; S, Ahmed; A, Ali; M, Badawy; N, El-Sagheer; A, Essam; D, Gamal; S, Magdy; A, Salah; M, Salah; A, Abdelaal; A, Aglan; S, Ali; A, Ata; AKZ, Darwish; M El, Halawany; E, El-Gizawy; A, Elazab; S, Elhadry; E, Elhalawany; S, Elmihy; M, Essam; A, Farag; H, Hajeh; O, Moussa; M, Nashat; M, Nasr; A, Rezq; AE, Sallam; M, Samy; M, Samy; A, Sheta; S, Soliman; S, Tariq; A, Zohair; A, Abdel-Aty; R, Abdelhamed; O, Abdelkader; K, Ashour; E, El-Taher; A, Elhadad; SAM, Farouk; S, Ghanem; A, Hassaan; EM, Ibrahim; SM, Matter; A, Mohamed; I, Rakha; Y, Soliman; D, Tarek; AR, Abdelazeam; A, Adelshone; AB, Adnan; D, Al-Marakby; CDM, Ali; M, Amreia; AY, Ata; S, Bahar; ERM, Basir; A, Elhendawy; MB, Hasnan; MJB, Ismail; SNA, Kamarulzamil; A, Latif; MAA, Lokman; AHHA, Majid; M, Salma; S, Shaharuddin; A, Zulkifli; K, Abdelbadeai; A, Abdelfatah; MA, Abdullah; H, Ahmed; Y, Allam; S, Arafa; NM, Badwi; AA El, Dahab; A, El-Sehily; N, Elfouly; Y, Elfouly; G, Elhoseny; EA, Elkhalek; E, Ezzat; T, Ezzat; AM, Fathy; A, Fergany; A, Hassaan; ATA, Hassan; OMM, Hassan; A, Ibrahim; A, Ibrahim; EA, Kasem; M, Kelany; M, Magdy; A, Mohamed; AR, Mohammed; MM, Mohammed; S, Mohammed; A, Reda; AG, Saad; HA, Saad; AS, Sleem; Y, Zakaria; G, Abdelazim; I, Abdelmotaleb; AK, Abdrabou; M, Aboelella; O, Aboelmagd; BE, Adel; A, Ahmed; S, Ahmed; A Al, Meligy; K, Alhady; MYM, Aly; HM, Bakry; M, Bassem; AH, Bekhet; NM, Bekhet; K, Dabbour; K, Dawood; A El, Kashash; NKA, El-Latif; NM, Elhadary; MS, Elhelbawy; SS, Elkholy; A, Elnagar; MA, Elnajjar; AA, Elsameea; S, Elsherbiney; N, Elzahed; H, Emadeldin; AA, Essam; S, Gaafar; A, Gad; MO, Gad; A, Geuoshy; M, Hafez; S, Hafez; W, Hamsho; D, Hasan; I, Hassan; R, Husseiny; SA, Ismail; AM, Kandil; A, Magdy; ME, Maher; H, Mahmoud; S, Mahmoud; N, Maraie; O, Mattar; N, Mesbah; SR, Mohamed; H, Saad; A, Sabe; AK, Sabe; M, Saeed; AA, Saleh; N, Semeda; A, Shahine; A, Soliman; BA, Tawfik; N, Wael; E, Zakaria; E, Abdallah; N, Abdel-Hameed; A, Denewar; R, Elashry; H, Elfeki; E, Emara; S, Emile; A, Ghanem; M, Mostafa; MFW, Omar; E, Rashad; A, Sakr; A, Sanad; G, Tawfik; W, Thabet; M, Youssef; A, Zaki; E, Abdelmageed; DM, Abdelrouf; EA Al, Raouf; ES, Elbanby; A, Elfarargy; M, Elgheriany; S, Elhamouly; M, Elmasry; E, Elwy; A, Esam; MM, Farahat; E, Gamal; H, Gamal; A, Hammad; EM, Hegazy; E, Ibrahim; H, Kandil; T, Khafagy; S, Khallaf; EY, Mansor; M, Moaty; AM, Mohamed; AE, Mohammed; A, Moustafa; GS, Nagy; A, Saidbadr; MM, Eid; M, Eldafrawy; AZ, Eldeeb; AAR Al, Rafati; MFM, Badr; A, Bakr; A, El-Sawy; R, Elsemelawy; M, Mostafa; SM Al, Attar; MA, Badenjki; A, Soliman; A, Reinsoo; S, Saar; P, Talving; A, Fitsum; N, Seyoum; T, Worku; A, Leppäniemi; V, Sallinen; M, Tolonen; X, Delforge; E, Haraux; A, Mariani; G, Podevin; F, Schmitt; A, Haffreingue; J, Marret; J, Rod; N, Bustangi; M, Lopez; A, Scalabre; J, Bréaud; P, Gastaldi; J, Lecompte; Q, Ballouhey; L, Fourcade; C, Grosos; T, Cecilia; F, Helene; C, Jean-Francois; MG, Grella; AP, Arnaud; E, Courboin; J, Hascoet; B, Maillot; M, Renaux-Petel; O, Abbo; AA, Kaci; T, Prudhomme; B, Dousset; S, Gaujoux; R, Schiavone; S, Dardenne; E, Robert; A, Broch; E, Hervieux; C, Muller; E, Anis; R, Claire; C, Taieb; S, Irtan; B, Parmentier; M, Peycelon; E, Akatibo; M, Ekow; M, Yakubu; FE, Gyamfi; ET, Atkins; CL, Coompson; M, Amoako-Boateng; M, Dayie; S, Debrah; R, Hagan; E, Ackom; E, Akoto; E, Mensah; P, Kwakyeafriyie; K, Asare-Bediako; HEK, Kordorwu; E, Tackie; N, Adu-Aryee; J, Amoako; W, Appeadu-Mensah; A, Bediako-Bowan; W, Bonney; J, Clegg-Lampety; J, Dakubo; F, Dedey; S, Essoun; V, Etwire; H, Glover-Addy; M, Ohene-Yeboah; S, Osei-Nketiah; K, Agbedinu; M, Amoah; C, Dally; A, Gyedu; A, Yifieyeh; PT, Amoako; E, Dagoe; F, Owusu; F, Abantanga; EK, Appiah; H, Asumah; D, Bandoh; ATT, Kojo; M, Kyereh; S, Tabiri; P, Wondoh; K, Aaniana; E, Acquah; A, Avoka; K, Kusi; K, Maison; R, Opoku-Agyeman; V, Dassah; A, Davor; S, Abdul-Latif; GN, Barnabas; G, Gkiokas; A, Papailia; T, Theodosopoulos; O, Ioannidis; D, Kyziridis; S, Parpoudi; A, Bamicha; D, Lytras; K, Psarianos; G, Gemenetzis; S, Parasyris; K, Farmakis; T, Feidantsis; M, Mitroudi; C, Panteli; I, Patoulias; D, Sfougaris; I, Valioulis; G, Karabelias; G, Kyrou; I, Papaskarlatos; S, Germanos; K, Konstantina; N, Zampitis; A, Stefanopoulos; C, Agalianos; C, Barkolias; C, Ferousis; N, Ivros; V, Kalles; I, Kyriazanos; A, Tselos; G, Tzikos; E, Voulgaris; D, Balalis; D, Korkolis; DK, Manatakis; C, Anthoulakis; M, Margaritis; N, Nikoloudis; M, Aguilera-Arevalo; O, Coyoy-Gaitan; J, Rosales; DM, Cohen; A, Matheu; GS, Rosenberg; DH, Cruz; CP, Galvez; STT, Rodriguez; E, Barrios; R, Soley; L, Tale; A, Charles; M, Paul; TK, Chan; YHE, Cheung; W, Dao; CYJ, Fok; SH, Kwok; AC, Lai; JCY, Lam; WH, Lam; TSB, Lee; KW, Leung; KHG, Li; TWC, Mak; YK, Ng; HY, Wong; MHA, Yeung; CC, Foo; Q, Liu; J, Yang; S, Kumar; P, Alexander; N, Aruldas; W, Dar; KC, Janardha; U, Muddebihal; A, Bhatnagar; B, Kumar; V, Upadhyaya; FJ, Adella; F, Iskandar; AS, Rulie; J, Setiawan; CV, Evajelista; H, Natalie; A, Suyadi; N, Adhitama; FFA, Andika; HM, Arsyad; R, Gunawan; A, Hasanah; H, Karismaningtyas; LPS, Mata; ADF, Mukin; HD, Nurqistan; NA, Purwaningsih; DF, Rahmah; TA, Widiastini; R, Amandito; M, Billy; A, Clarissa; PA, Gultom; A, Haloho; WS, Jeo; N, Johanna; F, Lee; N, Sutandi; M, Alherz; KC, Conlon; RMNR, Dorani; M, Glynn; W, Goh; HA, Shiwani; L, Sproule; M, Bala; A, Kedar; A, Armellini; D, Chiesa; G, Pata; L, Ansaloni; F, Coccolini; GE, Nita; E, Vicario; G, Confalonieri; G, Pesenti; B, Brunoni; A, Rinaldi; MN, Ringressi; L, Bortolasi; T, Campagnaro; S, Conci; A, Gulielmi; C, Iacono; G, Lazzari; S, Manfreda; U, Tedeschi; P, Violi; E, Ciccioli; E, Goldin; E, Vendramin; F, Aquilino; N, Chetta; A, Picciariello; D, Andreotti; L, Gavagna; S, Occhionorelli; S, Targa; G, Vasquez; SMM, Basso; A, Bigaran; A, Favero; M, Migliore; S, Mochet; M, Perino; F, Riente; P, Salusso; D, Sasia; G, Clerico; G, Gallo; M, Trompetto; M, Papandrea; R, Sacco; G, Sammarco; L, Bucci; MC, Giglio; G, Luglio; G, Pagano; R, Peltrini; V, Sollazzo; M, Foco; FR, Giardino; D, Gui; G, Perrotta; M, Ripa; S, Pasquali; A, Simioni; D De, Boni; L, Bonavina; V, Lazzari; Y, Macchitella; M, Abdelkhalek; A, Belli; S De, Franciscis; A, Birindelli; G, Tugnoli; S Di, Saverio; P, Mingrone; MA, Paludi; D, Pata; S, Basilicò; C, Corbellini; D, Merlini; A, Bondurri; N, Leone; A, Maffioli; P, Aonzo; G, Curletti; R, Galleano; AL, Brocca; G, Cocorullo; N, Falco; T, Fontana; L, Licari; M, Mangiapane; G, Salamone; V, Silvestri; R, Tutino; P De, Marco; C, Arcudi; M, Shalaby; P, Sileri; D, Angelieri; A, Antoniozzi; CD, Basso; M, Catani; D, Coletta; M, Coletti; N, Depalma; F, Falaschi; I, Iannone; M, Malavenda; A, Natili; C, Reali; S, Ribaldi; D, Rossi; S, Berti; S, Boni; E, Francone; A, Benevento; L, Giavarini; F, Pata; G, Balducci; AL, Conte; L, Lorenzon; F, Bianco; F, Steccanella; L, Turati; G, Pellino; F, Selvaggi; L, Selvaggi; N Di, Martino; A, Ababneh; L, Abusalem; E, Al-Dakka; K, Aljboor; A, Alnusairat; I, Bsisu; O, Halhouli; A, Qaissieh; H, Mohammed; T, Yusufali; J, Lando; W, Ndegwa; R, Parker; D, Dragatas; P, Višinskas; R, Žilinskienė; A, Dulskas; J, Kuliavas; NE, Samalavicius; J, Gribauskaite; M, Jokubauskas; D, Venskutonis; S, Bradulskis; E, Dainius; Z, Dambrauskas; A, Gulbinas; T, Jankus; K, Jasaitis; S, Kasputyte; M, Kiudelis; D, Mikuckyte; M, Montrimaite; V, Nevieraite; A, Parseliunas; S, Petrikenas; R, Riauka; E, Slapelyte; A, Subocius; L, Venclauskas; J, Zilinskas; N, Kaselis; G, Žiubrytė; M, Pažuskis; Z, Urniežius; M, Vilčinskas; A, Burmistrovas; Z, Tverskis; R, Mazelyte; A, Vaicius; A, Zadoroznas; T, Abaliksta; VJ, Banaitis; D, Danys; M, Drungilas; V, Gaižauskas; E, Grisin; V, Jotautas; A, Ladukas; K, Lagunavicius; E, Laugzemys; V, Lipnickas; D, Majauskyté; P, Mazrimas; S, Mikalauskas; T, Poškus; R, Rackauskas; G, Simutis; EZ, Sruogiene; L, Uščinas; FCFP, Rahantasoa; F, Rasoaherinomenjanahary; LH, Samison; TEC, Tolotra; C, Kwatiwani; N, Msiska; V, Msosa; C, Mukuzunga; SMD, Asilah; FY, Chai; K, Gunaseelan; WN'WM, Nasir; KZ, Syibrah; P, Yoganathan; PY, Koh; EX, Lee; SY, Lim; JE, Saw; SY, Teo; LJ, Yeang; YY, Gan; JRS, Ting; AEZ, Cheah; CYN, Chow; Y, Der; PAL, Har; KL, Koay; TNT, Mat; SSY, Sii; YK, Tan; CY, Wong; YJ, Cheong; C, Gan; HE, Heng; SN, Kong; YT, Mok; YT, Neo; K, Palayan; YW, Tan; MD, Tata; PX, Chin; NZ, Riswan; 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N, Pujol-Cano; JJ, Segura-Sampedro; F, Sena-Ruiz; C, Soldevila-Verdeguer; VJ, Carneros; MV, Collado; JM, García; SC, Moreno; JG, Septiem; V, Andriola; R, Blanco-Colino; E, Espin-Basany; E, Esteban; E, Ferrero; M, Gonzalez; I, Ortega; A, Picardo; J, Ruiz-Tovar; AB, Jayathilake; SPB, Thalgaspitiya; LS, Wijayarathna; PMS, Wimalge; A, Ndajiwo; O, Okenabirhie; HA, Sanni; M, Abdulaziz; A, Adam; A, Homeida; A, Mussad; OA, Omer; A, Younis; M, Hjertberg; A, Thorell; F, Wogensen; H, Thorarinsdottir; P, Elbe; L, Forlin; W, Rutkowski; D, Saraste; M, Breistrand; A, Sokratous; S, Ahlqvist; S, Ahlqvist; I, Björklund; Y, Cengiz; K, Niska; M, Sund; A, Chabok; M, Nikberg; J, Sigurdadottir; R, Schmid; G, Werder; R, Bluelle; D, Frey; D, Oswald; A, Palma; G, Peros; K, Reinisch; G, Zuk; A, Gübeli; J, Müller; LW, Widmer; A, Gerosa; S, Mahanty; A, Nocito; DA, Raptis; M, Zuber; L, Zumbühl; C, Adıyaman; S, Bayram; TB, Cengiz; M, Cevik; V, Işler; BB, Kobal; D, Mutlu; V, Ozben; BB, Ozmen; AM, Pektaş; I, Sapci; I, Tansoker; ÖF, Toto; S, Yolcu; HC, Çakaloğlu; Y, Altinel; OB, Gulcicek; T, Vartanoglu; H, Alis; I, Halicioglu; NA, Sahbaz; E, Arslan; BE, Baki; S, Bodur; S, Celik; A, Guner; E, Gül; B, Murutoglu; A, Semiz; K, Tomas; R, Yildirim; MC, Aydin; SR, Karahan; E, Kose; K, Karabulut; V, Mutlu; BB, Ozkan; KY, Chen; R, Heard; S, Nanthakumaran; R, Breslin; R, Srinivasan; A, Boggon; K, Connor; A, Haslegrave; K, Laurie; T, Mann; E, Dashnyam; E, Kalakouti; A, Mehdi; N, Post; F, Stourton; O, Warren; R, White; A, Paramasivan; N, Blencowe; K, Bowling; D, Bunting; P, Ireland; E, Reunis; WC, Soon; R, Tyler; D, Kufeji; C, Skerritt; N, Wright; B, Barmayehvar; U, Datta; SK, Kamarajah; S, Karandikar; L, Dick; I, Liew; NG, Mairs; M, Qureshi; A, Rocke; G, Bond-Smith; N, Farhangmehr; M, Perenyei; T, Pezas; T, Urbonas; T, Alhammali; AA, Ibrahem; Y, Salama; MA, Gani; G, Gravante; MR, Iqbal; A, Jeffery; H, Jeon; S, Khosla; J, Perera; A, Jeffery; J, Perera; R, Kabariti; S, Oram; S, Chiu; F, Cullen; T, Kidd; C, Owen; H, Sarafilovic; M, Wilson; D, Fouad; A, Minocha; S, Kadiwar; J, Luck; A, Smedley; C, Currow; I, Mykoniatis; SI, Tani; S, Knight; D, Nassif; A, Sharma; W, Ali; T, Dissanayake; A, Ho; A, Tennakoon; J, Lim; JCK, Ng; A, Gupta; V, Shatkar; F, Wong; P, Donnelly; E, Monaghan; M, Walker; A, Abbas; C, Andress; C, Bisset; YR, Chin; E, Evans; N, Ishak; S, Kamya; J, Ploski; J, Blackwell; P, Herrod; J, Lund; R, Wakefield; K, Keogh; L, Longstaff; N, Smart; YL, Ang; J, Camilleri-Brennan; MS, D'Souza; DE, Henshall; H, Lim; K, Mclean; S, Mirza; ZH, Ng; J, Park; S, Paterson-Brown; S, Pronin; C, Roy; L, Tang; E, Teasdale; EZ, Ter; L, Walls; S, Yap; S, Cole; N, Shrimanker; M, Stoddart; N, Walker; A, Bandi; F, Cohen; S, Giuliani; K, Baillie; R, Bamford; N, Harvey; S, Kershaw; L, Nicholson; P, Orton; M, Palliyil; S, Patel; S, Shillito; T, Abbott; O, Akpenyi; H, Caydiid; W, English; E, Hall; L, Maciejec; S, Mahdi; C, Morgan; Z, Rob; HD, Torrance; D, Townsend; G, Irwin; R, Johnston; D, Chowdhury; D, Evans; P, Patel; R, Davies; E, Griffiths; A, Mansuri; D, Nepogodiev; C, Jones; SJ, Lim; S, O'Neill; C, Tan; D, Dhillon; GM, Jama; K, Patel; A, Al-Bahrani; M, Elshaer; K, Hunter; S, Dindyal; K, Majid; S, Rajmohan; C, Smith; L, Chan; F, Din; C, Eng; A, L'Heveder; S, McGarvie; K, McIntosh; EHG, Park; R, Ravishankar; AR, Shahbaz; JD, Yau; E, Teasdale; S, Blacker; A, Kaul; J, Parakh; S, Awadallah; S, Farag; A, Nessa; M, Beamon; C, Caliman; T, Duane; A, Choudhry; N, Haddad; M, Zielinski; K, Gash; RP, Kiran; A, Murray; R, Narayanan; M, Swaroop; R, Deal; J, Myers; E, Schadde; M, Hemmila; L, Napolitano; K, To; M, Dasari; E, Etchill; J, Puyana; M, Maimbo; A, Makupe; J, Musowoya; D, Kumwenda; K, Otten; M, Prins; A, Reece-Smith; N, Van Der Naald; A, Verbeek; R, Balmaceda; AAB, Suarez; C, Deane; E, Dijan; M, Elfiky; L, Koskenvuo; P, Buisson; N, Henric; J, Rod; B, Limoges; O, Rosello; A, Thollot; O, Azzis; J, Leroux; S, Etienne; K, Pinnagoda; P, Francois; C, Alexandre; C, Capito; S, Hmila; H, Kotobi; O, Imoro; OE, Abem; J, Clegg-Lamptey; P, Wondoh; V, Soulou; D, Papageorgiou; L, Peña; S, Asturias; B, Kumar; DB, O'Connor; A, Taddei; A, Ruzzenente; M, Notarnicola; G, Pascale; P, Ubiali; E De, Luca; M, Sacco; MM, Pascale; C, Cona; G, Rotunno; M, Corbellino; E, Morandi; V, Guglielmo; E, Muzio; NA; P, Mao; C, Bottini; AR, Luc; T Bocchetti, NA; R, Cautiero; AA, Russo; M, Notarnicola; L, Solaini; FM, Ali; J, Kutkevicius; P, Ignatavicius; J, Žilinskas; R, Baltrunas; P, Kondrotas; K, Strupas; JY, Siaw; CL, Tan; SY, Yam; L, Wilson; MRA, Aziz; J, Bondin; CD, Zorrilla; A, Majbar; E, Nwabuoku; A, Taiwo; D, Sale; L, Abdullahi; O, Faboya; A, Fatuga; O, Osagie; M, Bliksøen; ZA, Khan; J, Coronel; C, Miranda; LM, Helguero-Santin; I, Vasquez; A, Mironescu; J, Rickard; A, Adedeji; S, Alqahtani; MZ, Koto; M, Rath; M Van, Niekerk; R, Matos-Puig; L, Israelsson; T, Schuetz; M, Mericliler; M, Uluşahin; MA, Yuksek; MMH, Farhan-Alanie; N, Redgrave; M, Wilson; R, Callan; GL, Yong; K, Lee; B, Wolf; CK, Musyoka; M, Cox; K, Whitehurst; C, Fairfield; J, Olivier; C, Chibuye
Background: Identification of patients at high risk of surgical-site infections may allow surgeons to minimize associated morbidity. However, there are significant concerns regarding the methodological quality and transportability of models previously developed. The aim of this study was to develop a novel score to predict 30-day surgical-site infection risk after gastrointestinal surgery across a global context and externally validate against existing models. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of two prospective international cohort studies: GlobalSurg-1 (July-November 2014) and GlobalSurg-2 (January-July 2016). Consecutive adults undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were eligible. Model development was performed using GlobalSurg-2 data, with novel and previous scores externally validated using GlobalSurg-1 data. The primary outcome was 30-day surgical-site infections, with two predictive techniques explored: penalized regression (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator ('LASSO')) and machine learning (extreme gradient boosting ('XGBoost')). Final model selection was based on prognostic accuracy and clinical utility. Results: There were 14 019 patients (surgical-site infections = 12.3%) for derivation and 8464 patients (surgical-site infections = 11.4%) for external validation. The LASSO model was selected due to similar discrimination to extreme gradient boosting (AUC 0.738 (95% c.i. 0.725 to 0.750) versus 0.737 (95% c.i. 0.709 to 0.765)), but greater explainability. The final score included six variables: country income, ASA grade, diabetes, and operative contamination, approach, and duration. Model performance remained good on external validation (AUC 0.730 (95% c.i. 0.715 to 0.744); calibration intercept -0.098 and slope 1.008) and demonstrated superior performance to the external validation of all previous models. Conclusion: The 'Global Surgical-Site Infection' score allows accurate prediction of the risk of surgical-site infections with six simple variables that are routinely available at the time of surgery across global settings. This can inform the use of intraoperative and postoperative interventions to modify the risk of surgical-site infections and minimize associated harm.
The management of intra-abdominal infections from a global perspective: 2017 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections
(Springer Nature, 2017-01) Sartelli, Massimo; Chichom-Mefire, Alain; Labricciosa, Francesco M; Hardcastle, Timothy; Abu-Zidan, Fikri M; Adesunkanmi, Abdulrashid K; Ansaloni, Luca; Bala, Miklosh; Balogh, Zsolt J; Beltrán, Marcelo A; Ben-Ishay, Offir; Biffl, Walter L; Birindelli, Arianna; Cainzos, Miguel A; Catalini, Gianbattista; Ceresoli, Marco; Che Jusoh, Asri; Chiara, Osvaldo; Coccolini, Federico; Coimbra, Raul; Cortese, Francesco; Demetrashvili, Zaza; Di Saverio, Salomone; Diaz, Jose J; Egiev, Valery N; Ferrada, Paula; Fraga, Gustavo P; Ghnnam, Wagih M; Lee, Jae Gil; Gomes, Carlos A; Hecker, Andreas; Herzog, Torsten; Kim, Jae Il; Inaba, Kenji; Isik, Arda; Karamarkovic, Aleksandar; Kashuk, Jeffry; Khokha, Vladimir; Kirkpatrick, Andrew W; Kluger, Yoram; Koike, Kaoru; Kong, Victor Y; Leppaniemi, Ari; Machain, Gustavo M; Maier, Ronald V; Marwah, Sanjay; McFarlane, Michael E; Montori, Giulia; Moore, Ernest E; Negoi, Ionut; Olaoye, Iyiade; Omari, Abdelkarim H; Ordonez, Carlos A; Pereira, Bruno M; Pereira Júnior, Gerson A; Pupelis, Guntars; Reis, Tarcisio; Sakakhushev, Boris; Sato, Norio; Segovia Lohse, Helmut A; Shelat, Vishal G; Søreide, Kjetil; Uhl, Waldemar; Ulrych, Jan; Van Goor, Harry; Velmahos, George C; Yuan, Kuo-Ching; Wani, Imtiaz; Weber, Dieter G; Zachariah, Sanoop K; Catena, Fausto
Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are common surgical emergencies and have been reported as major contributors to non-trauma deaths in the emergency departments worldwide. The cornerstones of effective treatment of IAIs are early recognition, adequate source control, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Prompt resuscitation of patients with ongoing sepsis is of utmost important. In hospitals worldwide, non-acceptance of, or lack of access to, accessible evidence-based practices and guidelines result in overall poorer outcome of patients suffering IAIs. The aim of this paper is to promote global standards of care in IAIs and update the 2013 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections.
Globally, songs and instrumental melodies are slower and higher and use more stable pitches than speech: A Registered Report
(Center for Open Science, 2022) Ozaki, Yuto; Tierney, Adam; Pfordresher, Peter; Mcbride, John; Benetos, Emmanouil; Proutskova, Polina; Chiba, Gakuto; Liu, Fang; Jacoby, Nori; Purdy, Suzanne; Opondo, Patricia; Fitch, Tecumseh; Hegde, Shantala; Rocamora, Martín; Thorne, Rob; Nweke, Florence Ewomazino; Sadaphal, Dhwani; Sadaphal, Parimal; Hadavi, Shafagh; Fujii, Shinya; Choo, Sangbuem; Naruse, Marin; Ehara, Utae; Sy, Latyr; Parselelo, Mark Lenini; Anglada-Tort, Manuel; Hansen, Niels Chr; Haiduk, Felix; Færøvik, Ulvhild; Magalhães, Violeta; Krzyżanowski, Wojciech; Shcherbakova, Olena; Hereld, Diana; Barbosa, Brenda Suyanne; Varella, Marco Antonio Correa; van Tongeren, Mark; Dessiatnitchenko, Polina; Zar, Su Zar; Kahla, Iyadh El; Muslu, Olcay; Troy, Jakelin; Lomsadze, Teona; Kurdova, Dilyana; CristianoTsope; Fredriksson, Daniel; Arabadjiev, Aleksandar; Sarbah, Jehoshaphat Philip; Arhine, Adwoa; Meachair, Tadhg; Silva-Zurita, Javier; Soto-Silva, Ignacio; Millalonco, Neddiel Elcie Muñoz; Ambrazevičius, Rytis; Loui, Psyche; Ravignani, Andrea; Jadoul, Yannick; Larrouy-Maestri, Pauline; Bruder, Camila; Teyxokawa, Tutushamum Puri; Kuikuro, Urise; Natsitsabui, Rogerdison; Sagarzazu, Nerea Bello; Raviv, Limor; Zeng, Minyu; Varnosfaderani, Shahaboddin Dabaghi; Gómez-Cañón, Juan Sebastián; Kolff, Kayla; der Nederlanden, Christina; Chhatwal, Meyha; David, Ryan Mark; Setiawan, Putu Gede; Lekakul, Great; Borsan, Vanessa Nina; Nguqu, Nozuko; Savage, Patrick
Both music and language are found in all known human societies, yet no studies have compared similarities and differences between song, speech, and instrumental music on a global scale. In this Registered Report, we analyzed two global datasets: 1) 300 annotated audio recordings representing matched sets of traditional songs, recited lyrics, conversational speech, and instrumental melodies from our 75 coauthors speaking 55 languages; and 2) 418 previously published adult-directed song and speech recordings from 209 individuals speaking 16 languages. Of our six pre-registered predictions, five were strongly supported: relative to speech, songs use 1) higher pitch, 2) slower temporal rate, and 3) more stable pitches, while both songs and speech used similar 4) pitch interval size, and 5) timbral brightness. Exploratory analyses suggest that features vary along a “musi-linguistic” continuum when including instrumental melodies and recited lyrics. Our study provides strong empirical evidence of cross-cultural regularities in music and speech.
Mental Simulation in Bilingual and Second Language Processing: New Directions in the Competition Model
(2025) Zhao, Helen; Vanek, Norbert; MacWhinney, Brian
This article revisits the foundational principles of the Competition Model considering recent advances in mental simulation research, highlighting how embodied cognition provides a richer understanding of bilingual processing. By exploring the dynamics of cue competition, transfer, decoupling, and functional restructuring, it underscored the intricate mechanisms of linguistic, cognitive, and sensorimotor processes in bilingualism. Notably, the findings of the surveyed studies suggest that entrenched L1 mental models dominate early L2 processing but can be progressively restructured to achieve more autonomous and nativelike L2 functioning through processes of decoupling and embodied simulation. While empirical studies have demonstrated that advanced learners can achieve nativelike perceptual and motor simulations in L2 processing, the variability introduced by factors such as crosslinguistic similarity, proficiency, learning context, and immersion remains an area ripe for further exploration.
Life-Course Persistent Antisocial Behavior and Accelerated Biological Aging in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort
(MDPI, 2022) Langevin, Stephanie; Caspi, Ashalom; Barnes, JC; Brennan, Grace; Poulton, Richie; Purdy, Suzanne; Ramrakha, Sandhya; Tanksley, Peter; Thorne, Peter; Wilson, Graham; Moffitt, Terrie
Prior research shows that individuals who have exhibited antisocial behavior are in poorer health than their same-aged peers. A major driver of poor health is aging itself, yet research has not investigated relationships between offending trajectories and biological aging. We tested the hypothesis that individuals following a life-course persistent (LCP) antisocial trajectory show accelerated aging in midlife. Trajectories of antisocial behavior from age 7 to 26 years were studied in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a population-representative birth cohort (N=1037). Signs of aging were assessed at age 45 years using previously validated measures including biomarkers, clinical tests, and self-reports. First, we tested whether the association between antisocial behavior trajectories and midlife signs of faster aging represented a decline from initial childhood health. We then tested whether decline was attributable to tobacco smoking, antipsychotic medication use, debilitating illnesses in adulthood, adverse exposures in childhood (maltreatment, socioeconomic disadvantage) and adulthood (incarceration), and to childhood self-control difficulties. Study members with a history of antisocial behavior had a significantly faster pace of biological aging by midlife, and this was most evident among individuals following the LCP trajectory (β, .22, 95%CI, .14, .28, p.001). This amounted to 4.3 extra years of biological aging between ages 25-45 years for Study members following the LCP trajectory compared to low-antisocial trajectory individuals. LCP offenders also experienced more midlife difficulties with hearing (β, -.14, 95%CI, -.21, -.08, p.001), balance (β, -.13, 95%CI, -.18, -.06, p.001), gait speed (β, -.18, 95%CI, -.24, -.10, p.001), and cognitive functioning (β, -.25, 95%CI, -.31, -.18, p.001). Associations represented a decline from childhood health. Associations persisted after controlling individually for tobacco smoking, antipsychotic medication use, midlife illnesses, maltreatment, socioeconomic status, incarceration, and childhood self-control difficulties. However, the cumulative effect of these lifestyle characteristics together explained why LCP offenders have a faster Pace of Aging than their peers. While older adults typically age-out of crime, LCP offenders will likely age-into the healthcare system earlier than their chronologically same-aged peers. Preventing young people from offending is likely to have substantial benefits for health, and people engaging in a LCP trajectory of antisocial behaviors might be the most in need of health promotion programs. We offer prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the financial burden of offenders on health care systems and improve their wellbeing.
European Studies and International Business: Reflections From the Far End of the Earth
(Elsevier, 2025) Zamborsky, Peter
In this essay, I first focus on the links between European Integration (a core topic in European Studies), and multinational enterprise and foreign direct investment, two key themes in international business (IB) studies. Then I connect European Studies and IB in relation to the articles published in this issue of the New Zealand Journal of Research on Europe. Two of these articles are related to Russia’s war in Ukraine, and one is about public funding for social sciences and humanities. Overall, I argue that IB and European Studies as fields should engage with each other more, and that research at their interface can add significant new insights into emerging topics—such as geoeconomics—in these fields of study and beyond.
Examining Access to and Trust in Sources of COVID-19 Information among CALD Asian Communities in New Zealand
(Elsevier, 2024) Park, Lynne Soon-Chean; Jaung, Rebekah; Park, Joohyun Justine; Song, Changzoo
During the COVID-19 pandemic, effective crisis communication has been crucial yet challenging, especially for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. This study aimed to explore how CALD Asian communities accessed and trusted various sources of COVID-19 information. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in 2021 with 1,267 Asian respondents informing this research. The study employed descriptive analyses to examine how different sociodemographic subgroups accessed COVID-19 information and examined their trust levels in these sources. The study revealed that CALD Asian communities actively engaged with diverse information sources for COVID-19 information updates, despite delayed government interventions. Mainstream media, social media, and government websites were most widely used. Notably, older and Korean individuals preferred local ethnic media channels. Trust varied significantly, with formal institutions like the government, mainstream media, and workplace being more trusted than online platforms and personal networks. The research underscores the necessity of multifaceted, linguistically, and culturally appropriate crisis communication strategies. It advocates for proactive measures to establish networks for distributing relevant information to CALD communities for future crisis communication.
Antioxidants for female subfertility
(Wiley, 2013-08-05) Showell, MG; Brown, J; Clarke, J; Hart, RJ; Showell, Marian G
BACKGROUND: A couple may be considered to have fertility problems if they have been trying to conceive for over a year with no success. This difficulty with conception may affect up to a quarter of all couples planning a child. The reported prevalence of subfertility has increased significantly over the past twenty years. It is estimated that for 40% to 50% of couples, subfertility may be a result of female problems, including ovulatory disorders, poor egg quality, fallopian tube damage and endometriosis. Antioxidants are thought to reduce the oxidative stress brought on by these conditions. Currently, limited evidence suggests that antioxidants improve fertility, and trials have explored this area with varied results. This review assessed the evidence for the effectiveness of different antioxidants in female subfertility. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether supplementary oral antioxidants compared with placebo, no treatment/standard treatment or another antioxidant improve fertility outcomes for subfertile women. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the following databases (from inception to April 2013) with no language restrictions applied: Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS and OpenSIGLE. We also searched conference abstracts and citation lists in the ISI Web of Knowledge. Ongoing trials were searched in the Trials Registers. Reference lists were checked, and a search on Google was performed. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared any type, dose or combination of oral antioxidant supplement with placebo, no treatment or treatment with another antioxidant, among women attending a reproductive clinic. Trials comparing antioxidants with fertility drugs alone and trials that exclusively included fertile women attending a fertility clinic because of male partner infertility were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three review authors independently screened 2127 titles and abstracts, and 67 of these potentially eligible trials were appraised for inclusion and quality through review of full texts and contact with authors. Three review authors were involved in data extraction and assessment of risk of bias. Review authors also collected data on adverse events as reported from the trials. Studies were pooled using fixed-effect models; however, if high heterogeneity was found, a random-effects model was used. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the dichotomous outcomes of live birth, clinical pregnancy and adverse events. Analyses were stratified by type of antioxidant, by indications for subfertility and by those women also undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection techniques (ICSIs). The overall quality of the evidence was assessed by applying GRADE criteria. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 28 trials involving 3548 women were included in this review. Investigators compared oral antioxidants, including combinations of antioxidants, pentoxifylline, N-acetyl-cysteine, melatonin, L-arginine, vitamin E, myo-inositol, vitamin C, vitamin D+calcium and omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids with placebo, with no treatment/standard treatment or another antioxidant.Antioxidants were not associated with an increased live birth rate compared with placebo or no treatment/standard treatment (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.19 to 8.26, P = 0.82, 2 RCTs, 97 women, I(2) = 75%, very low-quality evidence). This suggests that among subfertile women with an expected live birth rate of 37%, the rate among women taking antioxidants would be between 10% and 83%.Antioxidants were not associated with an increased clinical pregnancy rate compared with placebo or no treatment/standard treatment (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.85, P = 0.14, 13 RCTs, 2441 women, I(2)= 55%, very low-quality evidence). This suggests that among subfertile women with an expected clinical pregnancy rate of 23%, the rate among women taking antioxidants would be between 22% and 36%.Only one trial reported on live birth in the antioxidant versus antioxidant comparison, and two trials reported on clinical pregnancy in this comparison. Only subtotals were used in this analysis, and meta-analysis was not possible as each trial used a different antioxidant.Pentoxifylline was associated with an increased clinical pregnancy rate compared with placebo or no treatment (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.44, P = 0.009, 3 RCTs, 276 women, I(2) = 0%).Adverse events were reported by 14 trials in the meta-analysis and included miscarriage, multiple pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy and gastrointestinal effects. No evidence revealed a difference in adverse effects between antioxidant groups and control groups, but these data were limited.The overall quality of evidence was 'very low' to 'low' because of poor reporting of outcomes, the number of small studies included, high risk of bias within studies and heterogeneity in the primary analysis. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The quality of the evidence in the 'antioxidant versus placebo/no treatment' and in the 'antioxidant versus antioxidant' comparisons was assessed to be 'very low'. Antioxidants were not associated with an increased live birth rate or clinical pregnancy rate. There was some evidence of an association of pentoxifylline with an increased clinical pregnancy rate; however, there were only three trials included in this comparison. Future trials may change this result. Variation in the types of antioxidants given meant that we could not assess whether one antioxidant was better than another. There did not appear to be any association of antioxidants with adverse effects for women, but data for these outcomes were limited
Impact of IDP on Enhancing Immune Response to the Influenza Vaccine: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Pilot Study
(2024-11-30) Thomas, Judy; Page, Rachel; Wei, Yongsijia; Gammon, Cheryl; Akter, Tasnima; Adam, Katharine; Claycomb, Rodney; Ogle, Colin; Rutherfurd-Markwick, Kay
Background: Immune Defense Proteins (IDP) is a complex of milk proteins that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity and provide protection from infection. The effect of IDP on enhancing immune response after an influenza vaccine in humans has not been shown and is the objective of this study. Methods: An 8-week, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted. Fifty three participants were randomized to three study arms, consuming either high dose IDP (200 mg), standard dose IDP (50 mg) or placebo. Serum samples were collected prior to influenza vaccination (at 4 weeks) and 2 and 4 weeks postvaccination. Levels of influenza-specific Ig were measured in serum using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Proportion of individuals achieving a 4-fold or greater increase in antibody levels, the geometric mean antibody levels after influenza vaccination and effect size of IDP dosage were determined. Results: Statistically significant difference was observed in geometric mean influenza-specific antibody levels between high dose IDP and placebo arms at 4 weeks postvaccination. High dose IDP participants exhibited a sustained 4-fold increase in antibody levels 4 weeks postvaccination. The high dose IDP provides a medium effect size trending towards large effect size at 2 and 4 weeks postvaccination compared to participants that consumed the placebo.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin-like X (SElX) is a unique superantigen with functional features of two major families of staphylococcal virulence factors
(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2017-09) Langley, Ries J; Ting, Yi Tian; Clow, Fiona; Young, Paul G; Radcliff, Fiona J; Choi, Jeong Min; Sequeira, Richard P; Holtfreter, Silva; Baker, Heather; Fraser, John D; Prince, Alice
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that produces many virulence factors. Two major families of which are the staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs) and the Staphylococcal Superantigen-Like (SSL) exoproteins. The former are immunomodulatory toxins that induce a Vβ-specific activation of T cells, while the latter are immune evasion molecules that interfere with a wide range of innate immune defences. The superantigenic properties of Staphylococcal enterotoxin-like X (SElX) have recently been established. We now reveal that SElX also possesses functional characteristics of the SSLs. A region of SElX displays high homology to the sialyl-lactosamine (sLacNac)-specific binding site present in a sub-family of SSLs. By analysing the interaction of SElX with sLacNac-containing glycans we show that SElX has an equivalent specificity and host cell binding range to the SSLs. Mutation of key amino acids in this conserved region affects the ability of SElX to bind to cells of myeloid origin and significantly reduces its ability to protect S. aureus from destruction in a whole blood killing (WBK) assay. Like the SSLs, SElX is up-regulated early during infection and is under the control of the S. aureus exotoxin expression (Sae) two component gene regulatory system. Additionally, the structure of SElX in complex with the sLacNac-containing tetrasaccharide sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) reveals that SElX is a unique single-domain SAg. In summary, SElX is an 'SSL-like' SAg.
Improving continence management for people with dementia in the community in Aotearoa, New Zealand: Protocol for a mixed methods study
(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2023-01) Burholt, Vanessa; Peri, Kathryn; Awatere, Sharon; Balmer, Deborah; Cheung, Gary; Daltrey, Julie; Fearn, Jaime; Gibson, Rosemary; Kerse, Ngaire; Lawrence, Anna Michele; Moeke-Maxwell, Tess; Munro, Erica; Orton, Yasmin; Pillai, Avinesh; Riki, Arapera; Williams, Lisa Ann; Harding, Andrew
Background
The number of people living with dementia (PLWD) in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) was estimated at 96,713 in 2020 and it is anticipated that this number will increase to 167,483 by 2050, including an estimated 12,039 Māori (indigenous people of NZ) with dementia. Experiencing urinary incontinence (UI) or faecal incontinence (FI) is common for PLWD, particularly at the later stages of the disease. However, there is no robust estimate for either prevalence or incidence of UI or FI for PLWD in NZ. Although caregivers rate independent toilet use as the most important activity of daily living to be preserved, continence care for PLWD in the community is currently not systematised and there is no structured care pathway. The evidence to guide continence practice is limited, and more needs to be known about caregiving and promoting continence and managing incontinence for PLWD in the community. This project will seek to understand the extent of the challenge and current practices of health professionals, PLWD, caregivers and family; identify promising strategies; co-develop culturally appropriate guidelines and support materials to improve outcomes; and identify appropriate quality indicators so that good continence care can be measured in future interventions.
Methods and analysis
A four-phase mixed methods study will be delivered over three years: three phases will run concurrently, followed by a fourth transformative sequential phase. Phase 1 will identify the prevalence and incidence of incontinence for PLWD in the community using a cohort study from standardised home care interRAI assessments. Phase 2 will explore continence management for PLWD in the community through a review of clinical policies and guidance from publicly funded continence services, and qualitative focus group interviews with health professionals. Phase 3 will explore experiences, strategies, impact and consequences of promoting continence and managing incontinence for PLWD in the community through secondary data analysis of an existing carers' study, and collecting new cross-sectional and longitudinal qualitative data from Māori and non-Māori PLWD and their caregivers. In Phase 4, two adapted 3-stage Delphi processes will be used to co-produce clinical guidelines and a core outcome set, while a series of workshops will be used to co-produce caregiver resources.
Assessment of dispersion of airborne particles of oral/nasal fluid by high flow nasal cannula therapy
(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2021-01) Jermy, MC; Spence, CJT; Kirton, R; O'Donnell, JF; Kabaliuk, N; Gaw, S; Hockey, H; Jiang, Y; Zulkhairi Abidin, Z; Dougherty, RL; Rowe, P; Mahaliyana, AS; Gibbs, A; Roberts, SA; Othumpangat, Sreekumar
Background
Nasal High Flow (NHF) therapy delivers flows of heated humidified gases up to 60 LPM (litres per minute) via a nasal cannula. Particles of oral/nasal fluid released by patients undergoing NHF therapy may pose a cross-infection risk, which is a potential concern for treating COVID-19 patients.
Methods
Liquid particles within the exhaled breath of healthy participants were measured with two protocols: (1) high speed camera imaging and counting exhaled particles under high magnification (6 participants) and (2) measuring the deposition of a chemical marker (riboflavin-5-monophosphate) at a distance of 100 and 500 mm on filter papers through which air was drawn (10 participants). The filter papers were assayed with HPLC. Breathing conditions tested included quiet (resting) breathing and vigorous breathing (which here means nasal snorting, voluntary coughing and voluntary sneezing). Unsupported (natural) breathing and NHF at 30 and 60 LPM were compared.
Results
Imaging: During quiet breathing, no particles were recorded with unsupported breathing or 30 LPM NHF (detection limit for single particles 33 μm). Particles were detected from 2 of 6 participants at 60 LPM quiet breathing at approximately 10% of the rate caused by unsupported vigorous breathing. Unsupported vigorous breathing released the greatest numbers of particles. Vigorous breathing with NHF at 60 LPM, released half the number of particles compared to vigorous breathing without NHF.Chemical marker tests: No oral/nasal fluid was detected in quiet breathing without NHF (detection limit 0.28 μL/m3). In quiet breathing with NHF at 60 LPM, small quantities were detected in 4 out of 29 quiet breathing tests, not exceeding 17 μL/m3. Vigorous breathing released 200-1000 times more fluid than the quiet breathing with NHF. The quantities detected in vigorous breathing were similar whether using NHF or not.
Conclusion
During quiet breathing, 60 LPM NHF therapy may cause oral/nasal fluid to be released as particles, at levels of tens of μL per cubic metre of air. Vigorous breathing (snort, cough or sneeze) releases 200 to 1000 times more oral/nasal fluid than quiet breathing (p < 0.001 with both imaging and chemical marker methods). During vigorous breathing, 60 LPM NHF therapy caused no statistically significant difference in the quantity of oral/nasal fluid released compared to unsupported breathing. NHF use does not increase the risk of dispersing infectious aerosols above the risk of unsupported vigorous breathing. Standard infection prevention and control measures should apply when dealing with a patient who has an acute respiratory infection, independent of which, if any, respiratory support is being used.
Clinical trial registration
ACTRN12614000924651.
Smashing, Shaming, or Polite Fun and Joy? How Workplace Humor Influences Positive Well-Being in South Korean Workplaces
(Frontiers, 2021-01) Kim, Hee Sun; Plester, Barbara
Humor is contextual, ambiguous, and varies within cultures but is widely associated with positive outcomes such as well-being and happiness. While humor is universal and enhances interpersonal relationships which can benefit psychological well-being, we argue that humor can also be diminish psychological well-being in Confucian-based, South Korean workplaces. Our research questions asks: how do hierarchical workplace relationships influence shared humor and positive well-being in Korean workplace contexts? Our contextual, ethnographic research includes in-depth field observations and semi structured interviews in three Korean organizations. Traditional Confucian-based cultures value face-saving, trust, and harmony while emphasizing formality and hierarchy. Korean honorifics maintain harmony, hierarchy, and politeness which creates benefits for group processes and influences the sharing of humor. Humor is enacted in accordance with workers' hierarchical status which has a significant impact upon the types of humor shared and the responses available to subordinate employees. Investigating these dimensions in Korean workplaces we argue that honorifics and hierarchy influence humor interactions in complex ways that have implications for psychological well-being.
Board gender diversity and corporate environmental, social and governance performance: evidence from New Zealand listed firms
(Emerald, 2025-02-20) Zharfpeykan, Ramona; Bai, Yuanzhen
Purpose: This study aims to examine whether board gender diversity is significantly and positively associated with corporate environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance, as well as the link between board gender diversity and each of the three ESG pillars. Design/methodology/approach: Aligning with stakeholder and critical mass theories, this study uses ordinary least squares regression and fixed-effects models on the sample comprising New Zealand listed firms from 2016 to 2022. Findings: The findings reveal that board gender diversity positively and significantly is associated with firms’ overall ESG performance. In addition, female board representation positively and significantly associates with the governance pillar but, not with the other two. The findings highlight that a higher proportion of female board representation enhances a firm’s overall ESG performance by improving its corporate governance initiative. Originality/value: Besides adding to the literature on board gender diversity’s association with New Zealand listed firms’ ESG performance, the findings provide insights for companies, policymakers and stakeholders.
Enhancing Higher Education with Generative AI: A Multimodal Approach for Personalised Learning
(2025) Chan, Johnny; Li, Yuming
This research explores the opportunities of Generative AI (GenAI) in the realm of higher education through the design and development of a multimodal chatbot for an undergraduate course. Leveraging the ChatGPT API for nuanced text-based interactions and Google Bard for advanced image analysis and diagram-to-code conversions, we showcase the potential of GenAI in addressing a broad spectrum of educational queries. Additionally, the chatbot presents a file-based analyser designed for educators, offering deep insights into student feedback via sentiment and emotion analysis, and summarising course evaluations with key metrics. These combinations highlight the crucial role of multimodal conversational AI in enhancing teaching and learning processes, promising significant advancements in educational adaptability, engagement, and feedback analysis. By demonstrating a practical web application, this research underlines the imperative for integrating GenAI technologies to foster more dynamic and responsive educational environments, ultimately contributing to improved educational outcomes and pedagogical strategies.
Exploring the Effect of Exposure to Anaesthetic Agents and Ethnicity on Breast Cancer Recurrence: A New Zealand Based Retrospective Cohort Study
(2024) Seretny, Marta; Campbell, Douglas; Mitchell, Simon; Cumin, David
An Ecospiritual Reflection of the COVID-19 Pandemic
(2024) Kolandai, Komathi
Pharmacokinetic and Physiological Concepts Relevant for Determining Sevoflurane Dose
(Wiley, 2025-02-04) Morse, James D; Anderson, Brian J
Many of the better current pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) studies are performed using population modeling. This can be a huge roadblock to bettering pharmacological understanding. Skills using such a methodology are not that common among pediatric anesthesia practitioners. It requires committing data to patterns that are not intuitively obvious. Templeton and colleagues have explored the impact of bispectral index (BIS) monitoring on sevoflurane dose by alternative methodology. Population modeling is not only a skill in which many have no expertise but it also has its own roadblocks. One that is central to its use is quantification of sevoflurane dose, the variable that Templeton and colleagues explored.
High in-vivo accuracy of a novel robotic-arm-assisted system for total knee arthroplasty
(Wiley, 2025-01) Zaidi, Faseeh; Goplen, Craig M; Fitz-Gerald, Connor; Bolam, Scott M; Hanlon, Michael; Munro, Jacob T; Monk, Andrew P
Purpose
Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been shown to improve the accuracy and precision of bony resections and implant position. However, the in vivo accuracy of the full surgical workflow has not been widely reported. The primary objective of this study is to determine the accuracy and precision of a robotic-arm-assisted system throughout the intraoperative workflow.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent primary TKA with various workflows and alignment targets by three arthroplasty-trained surgeons with previous experience using the ROSA® Knee System (Zimmer Biomet) over a 3-month follow-up period. Accuracy and precision were determined by measuring the difference between various workflow time points, including the final preoperative plan (PP), robot-validated (RV) resection angle and postoperative radiographs (PR). The absolute mean difference between the measurements determined accuracy, and the standard deviation represented precision. The lateral distal femoral angle, medial proximal tibial angle, femoral flexion angle and tibial slope were measured on postoperative coronal long-leg radiographs and true short-leg lateral radiographs.
Results
A total of 77 patients were included in the final analyses. The accuracy for the coronal femoral angle was 1.62 ± 1.11°, 0.75 ± 0.79° and 1.96 ± 1.29° for the differences between PP and PR, PP and RV and RV and PR. The tibial coronal accuracy was 1.44 ± 1.03°, 0.81 ± 0.67° and 1.57 ± 1.14° for PP/PR, PP/RV and RV/PR, respectively. Femoral flexion accuracy was 1.39 ± 1.05°, 0.83 ± 0.59° and 1.81 ± 1.21° for PP/PR, PP/RV and RV/PR, respectively. Tibial slope accuracy was 0.99 ± 0.72°, 1.19 ± 0.87° and 1.63 ± 1.11°, respectively. The proportion of patients within 3° was 93.2%, 95.3%, 97.3% and 94.6% for the distal femur, proximal tibia, femoral flexion and tibial slope angles when the final intraoperative plan was compared to PRs. No patients had a postoperative complication at the final follow-up.
Conclusions
The ROSA Knee System has acceptable accuracy and precision of coronal and sagittal plane resections with few outliers at various steps throughout the platform's entire workflow in vivo.
Level of evidence
Level III.
A Comprehensive Review on the Application of Artificial Intelligence for Predicting Postsurgical Recurrence Risk in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography, and Clinical Data
(Wiley, 2025-01) Mehri-Kakavand, Ghazal; Mdletshe, Sibusiso; Wang, Alan
Introduction
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advancements in early detection and treatment, postsurgical recurrence remains a significant challenge, occurring in 30%-55% of patients within 5 years after surgery. This review analysed existing studies on the utilisation of artificial intelligence (AI), incorporating CT, PET, and clinical data, for predicting recurrence risk in early-stage NSCLCs.
Methods
A literature search was conducted across multiple databases, focusing on studies published between 2018 and 2024 that employed radiomics, machine learning, and deep learning based on preoperative positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), and PET/CT, with or without clinical data integration. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for methodological quality using the METhodological RadiomICs Score (METRICS).
Results
The reviewed studies demonstrated the potential of radiomics and AI models in predicting postoperative recurrence risk. Various approaches showed promising results, including handcrafted radiomics features, deep learning models, and multimodal models combining different imaging modalities with clinical data. However, several challenges and limitations were identified, such as small sample sizes, lack of external validation, interpretability issues, and the need for effective multimodal imaging techniques.
Conclusions
Future research should focus on conducting larger, prospective, multicentre studies, improving data integration and interpretability, enhancing the fusion of imaging modalities, assessing clinical utility, standardising methodologies, and fostering collaboration among researchers and institutions. Addressing these aspects will advance the development of robust and generalizable AI models for predicting postsurgical recurrence risk in early-stage NSCLC, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes.