Abstract:
To mitigate the excessive demand for the fast-depleting fossil fuels, alternative forms of fuel have to be produced on a larger scale making them more cost-effective and a better alternative for end-users. One of the main concerns today is the detrimental effect on the environment caused by the excessive use of petroleum-based fuels. Prolific research has shown time and again, that the rising carbon emissions have spurred climate change across the globe. These factors have helped highlight the need to increase the production of alternative/sustainable fuels. Exhaustive research has been carried out in this field, with several countries such as USA, Austria, Italy, UK, Australia and Brazil producing volumes to meet 5 to 10% of their national transportation fuel requirements. In different parts of the world, biofuels have been manufactured and implemented based on the availability of feedstock in the respective countries. There has been a gradual increase in investment in research being conducted for exploring new forms of fuel. Fuels derived from different feedstock depend on various factors such as cost, availability, engine efficiency of final product, etc. The fuels have to be economical and meet technical specifications if they are to be made commercially viable ...