Forever Young: A Study of Eros’s Age in Greek and Roman Literature and Art

Abstract

The intention of this study is to analyse the treatment and depiction of Eros’ age across Greek and Roman society. This calls for the examination of Eros’ general depiction in culture, as well as both literary and artistic sources of evidence, so that we may come to terms with the endurance and survivability of his different traditions. The overall argument this thesis will make is that there are governing contextual elements present in Greek and Roman society, influencing the oral, literary and visual traditions regarding Eros, that have some degree of control over his depictions in these mediums. Further, within these constraints, those depicting Eros are able to choose how they wish to portray him – there is more freedom regarding him than any other god. This analysis will first establish that Eros had three traditions. His primal origins gave rise to further conceptions as both an eromenos youth and a younger boy. Also in evidence is a secondary element to his form – his relationship with Aphrodite. The nature of his association with her often links to his age. Although this link is not completely strict, it can be seen that when he is depicted in his cosmogonic form, or as an older youth, he is usually not associated with her. When acting as her attendant he is commonly in the form of a boy. When he is her son he is young. Aside from understanding the conception and treatment of Eros’ traditions by the ancient societies in general, we will also come to recognise the way he was displayed through the modes of literature and art. Eros’ portrayal by whichever artist or author is depicting him is subject to their personal choice, as well as the intention of their piece, and also what they are trying to achieve through their depiction of him. Yet, these ancient authors or artists are also ruled by those earlier concepts, which affected both cultures over time.