Development of an Environmental Sustainability Education Programme to Promote Healthy Living in Children

Abstract

Background: School-based environmental sustainability programmes could be an effective way to simultaneously address the increasingly prevalent problem of childhood obesity. Aim: To develop an education programme combining environmental sustainability and healthy eating for New Zealand primary school children by following the Intervention Mapping process. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted on the existing environmental sustainability programmes and the effectiveness of these programmes on environmental sustainability and health. An online survey was sent to all New Zealand primary schools. Quantitative and qualitative data were collated on the current use of environmental sustainability programmes, motivators and barriers to programme implementation, and school interests in future improvements. Result: The literature review identified various environmental sustainability programmes that focused on various food-related pro-environmental practices. These programmes were effective in impacting on either the environmental or nutritional outcomes, but not on both simultaneously. The food-related pro-environmental programme components of three programmes had positive impacts on the environmental outcomes, but the effects of the food-related pro-environmental components in other programmes were inconclusive. The main strategies that could contribute to an effective environmental sustainability programme were summarised; they were practical learning experiences, multiple and sustainable intervention points, and parent and community involvement. 79 of 1895 schools completed the survey. 75% of these schools already used an ES programme. These programmes addressed some, but not all of the available foodrelated pro-environmental components identified. 92% of the schools expressed interests in improving their current use of the programmes. Main barriers to programme uptake were a lack of resource, including integrated curricular materials, and funding for training and teaching. Schools highly valued the increased opportunities for student learning, the importance of a health-focused programme, and effective programme support. Discussion: According to the combined findings from the literature review and the survey, a draft environmental sustainability programme which also aims to have a strong health focus was developed. This draft programme included Environmental Sustainability and health objectives, lesson ideas and the supporting resources. Further research should refine the draft and test its feasibility and acceptability. Recommendations for programme implementation and evaluation were also included. Keywords: Environmental Sustainability, Nutrition, Children, Intervention