Abstract:
Think-aloud protocols are often used to explore second language (L2) writing thinking processes. Controversy has not been solved, however, regarding whether this technique affects L2 writing thinking processes and whether protocols reflect the processes truthfully. This paper reviews relevant literature, focusing on a critique of the limited number of empirical studies on reactivity and veridicality of thinking aloud in L1 and L2 research, particularly research on writing. Based on our critical appraisal of the existing literature, we have come to a tentative conclusion: Thinking aloud may cause a certain level of interference with L2 writing processes, which may not be serious, and verbal protocols may be short of some verbalizable thoughts that may be transient and complex. We finally provide some suggestions for further research and for better use of thinking aloud.