"Pure" and "Karakia" as a window to Maori epistemology : Koi rō pure me karakia e oke ana

Abstract

This thesis examines the developing definition and redefinition of what has been generalised as "Matauranga Maori", "Maori knowledge" and "Maori epistemology". It is argued that there is a need to be more definitive in the use of these terms. This thesis attempts to broaden our understandings of these terms in order to provide clearer definitions to enable a more functional usage. In this sense: i) "Matauranga Maori" is used to refer to knowledge in the (pre-contact with European) context. It refers to more traditional forms of knowledge. ii) "Maori knowledge" is redefined to refer to the interface of Maori ideas, knowledge and culture within a context of post-contact Maori and Pakeha relations iii) "Maori Epistemology" is used as a bridging concept between these two aforementioned categories of Matauranga Maori and Maori knowledge. In particular this thesis builds the concept of Maori Epistemology from a Maori perspective, through an analysis of Maori oral traditions. A specific focus is to illustrate through practical examples, different aspects of Maori epistemology. iv) That is, to uncover some of the cultural elements which shape the way in which many Maori relate to their environment and the traditional thinking which underpins this type of culturally based relationship, within contemporary contexts.