Abstract:
Lipid emulsions have been proposed to suppress hunger and food intake. Whilst there is no consensus on optimal structural properties or mechanism of action, small particle size (small-PS) stable emulsions may have greatest efficacy. Fabuless®, a commercial lipid emulsion reported in some studies to decrease energy intake (EI), is a small-PS, ‘hard’ fat emulsion comprising highly saturated palm oil base (PS, 82 nm). To determine whether small-PS dairy lipid emulsions can enhance satiety, firstly, we investigated 2 ‘soft’ fat dairy emulsions generated using dairy and soy emulsifying agents (PS, 114 nm and 121 nm) and a non-emulsified dairy control. Secondly, we investigated a small-PS palmolein based ‘hard’ fat emulsion (fractionated palm oil, PS, 104 nm) and non-emulsified control. This was a 6 arm, randomized, cross-over study in 18 lean men, with test lipids delivered in a breakfast meal: (i) Fabuless® emulsion (FEM); (ii) dairy emulsion with dairy emulsifier (DEDE); (iii) dairy emulsion with soy lecithin emulsifier (DESE); (iv) dairy control (DCON); (v) palmolein emulsion with dairy emulsifier (PEDE); (vi) palmolein control (PCON). Participants rated postprandial appetite sensations using visual analogue scales (VAS), and ad libitum energy intake (EI) was measured at a lunch meal 3.5 h later. Dairy lipid emulsions did not significantly alter satiety ratings or change EI relative to dairy control (DEDE, 4035 kJ; DESE, 3904 kJ; DCON, 3985 kJ; P > 0.05) nor did palm oil based emulsion relative to non-emulsified control (PEDE, 3902 kJ; PCON, 3973 kJ; P > 0.05). There was no evidence that small-PS dairy lipid emulsions or commercial Fabuless altered short-term appetite or food intake in lean adults.
