Controlled Nanomorphology: Conversion of Bulk Polymers into Nano-sized Materials

Abstract

A high degree of morphological control is necessary to fully exploit the versatility, exceptional mechanical properties, and unique functional properties of polymer nanomaterials that are largely influenced by the very high specific surface area observed in nanoscale structures. However, the utilization of polymeric nanomaterials has been severely limited due to lack of well-understood, consistent manufacturing techniques capable of forming truly nanosized structures. Developments in nanomaterials with controlled nanomorphology have been primarily related to the progression of techniques used for manufacturing and processing nanoparticles and by using new polymers and/or additives. A brief discussion is provided to indicate the key considerations, limitations, and underlying mechanisms of nanoparticle formation, which enable better control of the manufacturing processes. Polymer blends are particularly versatile and could be used to produce controlled porosity, layered or encapsulated geometries, a variety of new surface topologies, and unique mechanical or chemical properties. Nanoweaves and nanofibril-reinforced polymer composites could provide highly tailored geometry, light weight, and good mechanical properties. The commercial future of nanoparticles appears to be promising, with extensive applications in the biomedical, textile, and high-performance materials sectors. This entry will discuss the key polymer nanoparticle manufacturing techniques and research strategies which produce the most significant/current innovations in regard to controlled morphology nanomaterials. This entry will provide current trends in the polymer nanomaterials manufacturing sector, with an aim to enhance the progression of nanomorphological control.