Abstract:
China became an aging society as early as 1999. It is pointed out in China’s Report of the Development on Aging Cause (2013) that up to the end of 2012, China's aging population had reached 194 million, with a year-by-year increase of 8.9 million, accounting for 14.3% of the total population. By the end of 2013, the size of the aged population exceeded 200 million, ultimately reaching 202 million, where the aging level reached 14.8%. It is predicted by the ministry of the Chinese society that by 2050, the size of the population above 60 years old in China will reach 430 million, which accounts for 30% of the total population at that time. China will then enter the climax of overall aging of the population. The growing aging population has led to an increase in the demand for retirement homes and aged communities. However, the construction of buildings for the elderly cannot meet the rising demand of China's aging population in terms of quantity and quality, and the country is facing unprecedented pension pressure. The construction of comprehensive aging communities with the elderly as the principal occupant is one of the more effective ways to achieve the pension goal of "every elderly has a roof over their head. The author has started the analysis and research on the planning and design of comprehensive aged communities under such a social background. In this thesis, firstly the research background of the comprehensive aged communities are introduced; the concepts related to the aging of the population and comprehensive aged communities are expounded, and the psychological and physiological changes and behaviour activity characteristics of the elderly are analysed from the perspective of classification and the nursing grade of the elderly. Secondly, based on the current national regulations and previous research results, the residential buildings for the aged fit for China's current pension mode were defined. The types of residential buildings for the aged in comprehensive aged communities were pinpointed, and on this basis, characteristics of components of residential model for the elderly and the system of the model were sorted out; thus, this laid a foundation for the planning and design of the residential building group space. Third, several excellent cases of aged communities in countries other than China were selected for further study in this paper, the scale and constitutive characteristic of the residential building group space were analysed, and compared with the current situation, problems and characteristics of planning and construction of the residential building group space in comprehensive aged communities in China were analysed and summarised based on the research of typical aged communities in Beijing, Shanghai. Finally, the key factors and system of planning and design of the residential building group space in comprehensive aged communities was investigated by comparing the scale and spatial combining forms of residential building group spaces of comprehensive aged communities in China and other countries. A set of planning and design strategies suitable for the residential building group space for comprehensive aged communities in China was initially formed, and the research results were applied to planning and design practice of Caotang Temple Health Pension Center. The key achievement of this thesis is embodied in the sorting of various residential models for the elderly and the definition and classification of residential buildings for the elderly. Corresponding planning and design strategies were formed as well, by analysing the characteristics of planning and design of the residential building group space of the comprehensive aged communities in China and America, thereby hoping to provide a valuable reference for the future theoretical research and scientific practice of China's comprehensive aged communities.