dc.contributor.advisor |
Buckley, T |
en |
dc.contributor.author |
Hughes, Brendan |
en |
dc.date.accessioned |
2017-08-04T02:18:40Z |
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dc.date.issued |
2017 |
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dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2292/34804 |
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dc.description |
Full text is available to authenticated members of The University of Auckland only. |
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dc.description.abstract |
Genetic divergence between species can result from geographical events. Bottlenecks, migration and vicariance, amongst other such phenomena, can be inferred from genetic data collected within and among different species. Speciation genetics and phylogeography attempt to reconcile genetic divergence between differing species and populations, together with geographical distribution, to determine the factors driving intra- and inter- specific genetic differences. Micrarchus, a genus of New Zealand stick insect, is widely distributed across large areas of New Zealand. Composed of four species, Micrarchus inhabits alpine, lowland, island and mainland environments. Some species exist in proximal geographic locations, whilst others are more isolated, giving the potential for population differentiation and hybridisation. Genotyping By Sequencing (GBS) was used to undertake a population genetics study on Micrarchus stick insect species, sequenced markers were identified with lower complexity (via a reduced representation library), higher resolution, and via more cost-effective measures than standard next-generation sequencing technologies. These markers allowed the species populations to be defined into clades, and phylogenetic ancestry inferred. Differences in phylogeographic structure for Micrarchus have previously been explored using mitochondrial and nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA (Dunning et al., 2014) with a specific focus on cold-tolerance genes. Using a more generalised approach with GBS I hoped to both clarify and build upon the phylogenetic structure for Micrarchus species previously established. This included a general analysis of Micrarchus species, with a focus on the more diverse South Island populations. Of particular interest is the endemic Micrarchus nov. sp. 3 on Stephens Island, and two alpine populations of Micrarchus nov.sp.2 isolated on different mountain ranges of the South Island. A total of 2727 purifying outlier loci across selected populations from the Mountain, M. hystriculeus, and Kaikoura species were found, of these 82 were shared across all three species. A separate run analysing the same groups as one inferred 70 diversifying loci. Annotation and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment found 12 genes from the diversifying loci of which six were significantly enriched from the background set, with a proportion relating to processes or components of the cell cytoskeleton. |
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dc.publisher |
ResearchSpace@Auckland |
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dc.relation.ispartof |
Masters Thesis - University of Auckland |
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dc.relation.isreferencedby |
UoA99264932613202091 |
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dc.rights |
Items in ResearchSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. Previously published items are made available in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. |
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dc.rights |
Restricted Item. Available to authenticated members of The University of Auckland. |
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dc.rights.uri |
https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/rights.htm |
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dc.rights.uri |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/nz/ |
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dc.title |
Phylogeography of the New Zealand stick insect Micrarchus |
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dc.type |
Thesis |
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thesis.degree.discipline |
Biological Sciences |
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thesis.degree.grantor |
The University of Auckland |
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thesis.degree.level |
Masters |
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dc.rights.holder |
Copyright: The author |
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pubs.elements-id |
644530 |
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pubs.record-created-at-source-date |
2017-08-04 |
en |
dc.identifier.wikidata |
Q112933998 |
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