Abstract:
Cross-functional, enterprise, and infrastructure systems integrate information across an organization for use by multiple stakeholders.¹⁴·²² Development or configuration of these large, multimillion-dollar projects is normally overseen by top management in conjunction with the central information technology (IT) department.²¹ There is, however, an increasing number of such systems arising from functional areas or departments in which users work, with central IT and top management being challenged to implement controls on these systems only after they go live.¹³
