Diagnostic inflammatory markers in acute cholangitis

Abstract

Background The 2018 Tokyo guidelines for acute cholangitis (AC) use white cell count (WCC) as one of the diagnostic criteria. However, the 2018 Tokyo guidelines grading does not provide guidance for AC patients with normal WCC. In this situation, other inflammatory biomarkers also can be used to diagnose AC and grade severity, but their diagnostic values are yet undetermined. The aims of this study were to evaluate the discriminative powers of common inflammatory markers compared with WCC for diagnosing AC and to determine their diagnostic cutoff levels. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. Over 2 y, 96 patients who underwent endoscopic biliary decompression were identified from the Auckland City Hospital Radiology Department database. Only patients with a confirmed diagnosis of AC were included in the study. Thirty-four patients with AC and 18 controls met eligibility criteria. Results Comparing areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, it was the lymphocyte count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) that had the highest discriminative powers in diagnosing AC. Values of WCC for diagnosing AC were equal to or above 9.6 × 109/L, neutrophil count equal to or exceeding 4.9 × 109/L, lymphocyte count equal to or below 1.3 × 109/L, NLR 5.3 and above, albumin equal to or below 30.5 g/L, and CRP concentration 23.5 mg/L or above. Conclusions Lymphocyte count, NLR, and CRP have superior discriminative powers to WCC, albumin, and neutrophil count and can be useful in the diagnosis of AC.