二语前照应和后照应代词的在线加工研究 = The online processing of anaphoric and cataphoric pronouns in an L2

Abstract

摘 要: 本研究通过一个自定步速阅读实验，探讨二语包含前照应和后照应两种代词句子的加工是否存在差异。我们记录了包含两个子句的句子阅读时间，每个子句中有一个人名或代词，性别或相同，或不同。阅读完句子后，受试回答一个是非问句，根据答案可知代词是否和人名同指。阅读时间的结果表明，在第一个子句中后照应代词条件的消解速度快于前照应代词条件，在第二个子句中前照应代词的消解速度快于后照应代词; 在前照应代词消解中存在性别不一致效应，而在后照应代词消解中没有该效应。指称判断的结果支持阅读时间的结果，差异源于代词和专有名词的不同词汇特征和语篇功能，以及二语学习者对人名—代词和代词—人名不同配对的不同加工方式: 前照应代词消解采用链接和诊断方法，后照应代词消解采用积极搜索方法。 The Online Processing of Anaphoric and Cataphoric Pronouns in an L2 WU Di, Sichuan International Studies University, China WU Mingjun, Chongqing Gongshang University, China GAO Xingzhen, Taiyuan University of Technology, China ZHANG Jun Lawrence, University of Auckland, New Zealand Abstract: A self-paced reading experiment was conducted to investigate whether there were differences in the processing sentences containing anaphoric and cataphoric pronouns in the second language. Reading time was measured on the sentences containing two clauses in which, respectively, located a proper name and a pronoun，either congruent or incongruent in gender. After reading the whole sentence, participants were required to answer a yes-no question concerning the reference of the pronoun. The results of reading time showed that cataphoric pronouns were resolved more rapidly than anaphoric pronouns in the first clause，but were resolved more slowly than anaphoric pronouns in the second clause. The results of co-reference judgment were in par with the reading time. We posit that the differences originated from the different lexical and dis-course characteristics of pronouns and proper names. Furthermore, L2 readers adopted different processing strategies for different pairs of referents (i.e., name-pronoun vs. pronoun-name): bonding and evaluation for anaphoric pronouns and active search for cataphoric pronouns． Keywords: anaphoric pronoun; cataphoric pronoun; pronoun resolution; the Discourse Prominence Representation Model