Nanotechnology for ocular drug delivery

Abstract

With several formulations already on the market, nanotechnology continues to be actively investigated for ocular drug delivery applications. Various drug-loaded nanovesicles and nanoporous devices have been developed for ocular administration to improve therapeutic outcomes. This chapter describes the ocular anatomy and introduces details on how different delivery routes target unique therapeutic sites. Barriers to drug delivery by each route are discussed and the use of nanoparticles to circumvent these through prolonged retention and improved targeting is highlighted. Finally, current limitations preventing rapid growth of nanotechnology in the ocular domain are elaborated, with an emphasis on both toxicity and commercialization of established and investigative nanomaterials and nanoformulations alike.