dc.contributor.author |
Lovell, Amy |
en |
dc.contributor.author |
Davies, Peter SW |
en |
dc.contributor.author |
Hill, Rebecca J |
en |
dc.contributor.author |
Milne, Tania |
en |
dc.contributor.author |
Matsuyama, Misa |
en |
dc.contributor.author |
Jiang, Yannan |
en |
dc.contributor.author |
Chen, Rachel |
en |
dc.contributor.author |
Wouldes, Trecia |
en |
dc.contributor.author |
Heath, Anne-Louise M |
en |
dc.contributor.author |
Grant, Cameron |
en |
dc.contributor.author |
Wall, Clare |
en |
dc.date.accessioned |
2020-02-11T22:48:04Z |
en |
dc.date.issued |
2018-10 |
en |
dc.identifier.issn |
0022-3166 |
en |
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2292/49914 |
en |
dc.description.abstract |
Background:Iron deficiency (ID) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) are significant pediatric health issues in New Zealand and Australia and remain prevalent micronutrient deficiencies in young children globally. Objective:We aimed to investigate the effect of a micronutrient-fortified, reduced-energy growing-up milk (GUMLi) compared with cow milk (CM) consumed for 1 y on dietary iron and vitamin D intakes and the status of New Zealand and Australian children at 2 y of age. Methods:The GUMLi Trial was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial in 160 healthy 1-y-old New Zealand and Australian children conducted in 2015-2017. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive GUMLi (1.7 mg Fe/100 mL; 1.3 µg cholecalciferol/100 mL) or CM (0.02 mg Fe/100 mL; 0.06 µg cholecalciferol/100 mL) for 12 mo. Secondary outcomes, reported here, included change in dietary iron and vitamin D intakes, iron status, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations from blood samples at age 2 y. All regression models were adjusted for baseline outcome and study center. Results:GUMLi was a large contributor to dietary intakes of iron and vitamin D after 12 mo when compared with intakes from food and CM. The adjusted mean difference between groups for serum ferritin concentrations was 17.8 µg/L (95% CI: 13.6, 22.0 µg/L; P < 0.0001), and for 25(OH)D it was 16.6 nmol/L (95% CI: 9.9, 23.3 nmol/L; P < 0.0001). After 12 mo, ID was present in 16 (24%) participants in the CM group and 5 (7%) participants in the GUMLi group (P = 0.009), and the prevalence of VDD in the CM group increased to 14% (n = 10) and decreased to 3% (n = 2) (P = 0.03) in the GUMLi group. Conclusion:In comparison with CM, GUMLi significantly improved dietary iron and vitamin D intakes and the iron and vitamin D status of healthy children at 2 y of age. This trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (www.anzctr.org.au) as ACTRN12614000918628. |
en |
dc.format.medium |
Print |
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dc.language |
eng |
en |
dc.relation.ispartofseries |
The Journal of nutrition |
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dc.rights |
Items in ResearchSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. Previously published items are made available in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. |
en |
dc.rights.uri |
https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/rights.htm |
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dc.subject |
Milk |
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dc.subject |
Animals |
en |
dc.subject |
Humans |
en |
dc.subject |
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency |
en |
dc.subject |
Vitamin D Deficiency |
en |
dc.subject |
Iron |
en |
dc.subject |
Iron, Dietary |
en |
dc.subject |
Cholecalciferol |
en |
dc.subject |
Micronutrients |
en |
dc.subject |
Vitamins |
en |
dc.subject |
Vitamin D |
en |
dc.subject |
Diet |
en |
dc.subject |
Double-Blind Method |
en |
dc.subject |
Nutritional Status |
en |
dc.subject |
Dietary Supplements |
en |
dc.subject |
Food, Fortified |
en |
dc.subject |
Child, Preschool |
en |
dc.subject |
Female |
en |
dc.subject |
Male |
en |
dc.title |
Compared with Cow Milk, a Growing-Up Milk Increases Vitamin D and Iron Status in Healthy Children at 2 Years of Age: The Growing-Up Milk-Lite (GUMLi) Randomized Controlled Trial. |
en |
dc.type |
Journal Article |
en |
dc.identifier.doi |
10.1093/jn/nxy167 |
en |
pubs.issue |
10 |
en |
pubs.begin-page |
1570 |
en |
pubs.volume |
148 |
en |
dc.rights.holder |
Copyright: The author |
en |
pubs.end-page |
1579 |
en |
pubs.publication-status |
Published |
en |
dc.rights.accessrights |
http://purl.org/eprint/accessRights/RestrictedAccess |
en |
pubs.subtype |
Comparative Study |
en |
pubs.subtype |
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
en |
pubs.subtype |
Randomized Controlled Trial |
en |
pubs.subtype |
Journal Article |
en |
pubs.elements-id |
754779 |
en |
pubs.org-id |
Medical and Health Sciences |
en |
pubs.org-id |
Medical Sciences |
en |
pubs.org-id |
Nutrition |
en |
pubs.org-id |
School of Medicine |
en |
pubs.org-id |
Paediatrics Child & Youth Hlth |
en |
pubs.org-id |
Psychological Medicine Dept |
en |
pubs.org-id |
Science |
en |
pubs.org-id |
Statistics |
en |
dc.identifier.eissn |
1541-6100 |
en |
pubs.record-created-at-source-date |
2018-10-04 |
en |
pubs.dimensions-id |
30281106 |
en |