Kaitiaki-centred Business Models: Case Studies of Māori Marine-based Enterprises in Aotearoa New Zealand : Whai Rawa, Whai Mana, Whai Oranga : Creating a World-leading Indigenous Blue Marine Economy

Abstract

The report describes 5 case studies representing different business models (ACE trading company, joint venture or iwi fishing company), examining aspects of their operations that have a resonance with kaitiaki-centred business models. The case studies are: Ngāi Tahu Seafoods and Moana New Zealand (large Māori fishing companies); the Iwi Collective Partnership (a Māori collective organisation); Ngāti Kahungunu (a tribe with a range of fisheries assets); and Eastern Sea Farms and Aotearoa Clams (two Māori-owned fishing companies). Some kaitiaki-centred models or approaches are formalised within Māori fishing businesses while others emerge out of informal governance arrangements that reduce take for long-term sustainability. These case studies suggest that where Māori have more control they manage things better. This in turn suggests that the Māori marine economy would benefit if kaitiaki-centred business models were recognised and formalised to allow fishers to control the quota allocation process and set their own boundaries.