Abstract:
Digital health solutions developed to support patient self-management are recognised as a key technology group for sustainably managing the rising healthcare needs of elderly and chronic disease populations. However, a lack of suitable reimbursement policies is preventing the potential of these digital solutions from being realised, particularly in developed regions like Europe. Theory concerning disruptive innovation helps to frame these policy issues by suggesting that the disruptive nature of digital self-management solutions is incompatible with existing regulatory systems. In order to overcome the regulatory barriers facing disruptive health innovations, emerging academic literature recognises that policy reform is necessary. However, the literature has not addressed the specific policy action required to achieve this reform, nor has the theory been used to investigate health policy issues concerning reimbursement. The present study addresses these shortfalls by aiming to explore how national health authorities in Europe can facilitate reimbursement of disruptive digital self-management solutions within public health systems. In line with the study’s aim, an exploratory, qualitative case study was employed across three European countries. Data was collected primarily through semistructured interviews with policy-makers and digital health experts but this data was supplemented by secondary data sources. Through inductive analysis of the data, four key policy instruments emerged that address the study’s research aim: centralised reimbursement pathways, new digital-specific HTA methodologies, clear evidence frameworks, and pilot programmes. The findings indicated there are a number of policy instruments that health authorities can implement to create more favourable reimbursement systems for disruptive digital self-management solutions. This research contributes to the theoretical literature by identifying tangible policies that can promote regulatory reform for disruptive health innovations. The findings also help industry and policy stakeholders better understand how disruptive digital health solutions can secure funding in European public health systems.
