A Qualitative Study on the Experiences of Women With Breast Implant Illness

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Breast Implant Illness (BII) is a term used to describe physical and psychological symptoms experienced by some women following breast implant surgery. Few studies have examined the experiences of women with BII - a poorly understood condition with no clear cause or treatment. OBJECTIVES: To explore women's experiences of BII, including symptoms, healthcare encounters, social media and explant surgery. METHODS: Using an exploratory qualitative methodology, researchers undertook semi-structured interviews with twenty-nine women who self-identified as having BII. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Thematic analysis of the interviews identified six themes: 1. Symptoms without explanation; 2. Invalidation and invisibility; 3. Making the BII connection; 4. Implant toxicity; 5. Explant surgery: solution to suffering?; and 6. Concealed information. BII was described as distressing and debilitating across multiple domains including relationships, work, identity, physical and mental health, and symptoms were attributed to implant toxicity and immune system rejecting foreign objects. When their experience was not validated by health care professionals, many looked to social media for information, support and understanding, and explant as their only chance at recovery. CONCLUSIONS: BII is disabling mentally and physically. Women with BII require support, understanding, and validation, and proactive treatment to prevent disability. With unclear pathophysiology, future research should examine how biopsychosocial approaches can be used to guide treatment, and how to best support women with BII, focusing on early detection and evidence-based education and intervention.