Abstract:
This thesis considers the sources of prehistoric subsistence in the north of the North Island of New Zealand, with emphasis on the evidence obtainable from food wastes. Techniques for the quantitative analysis of shell and bone remains are described. These techniques are illustrated by reference to material from several coastal sites, particularly the N.H.B. 3ite at Whangarei (shell midden) and Kohika (fishbone). Midden from Mt Camel is discussed and the interpretation of the site is reconsidered. Excavations at the Sunde site on Motutapu are described and an occupation sequence at the site is outlined. This site was occupied before, during and after the eruption of the volcano Rangitoto, which deposited several layers of ash on the site, A substantial sample of a large midden below the ash is analysed in detail, and data produced is incorporated in a reconstruction of prehistoric settlement in the area. Several categories of prehistoric and historic material found above the ash are described. Human footprints found on the surfaces of several of the volcanic ash showers are discussed. The eruptive history of Rangitoto is re-examined and conditions at the site at the time of the eruption are considered. Volcanic risk in the Auckland area is assessed. Potential food sources in New Zealand are discussed, and the conclusion is drawn that horticulture must have been pre-eminent in prehistoric subsistence in the study area.
