Abstract:
The kelp biome is an assemblage of forest forming seaweeds of the order Laminariales (macroalgae). They occur in cool waters in shallow temperate and deep tropical seas. Similar to terrestrial forests, the kelp biome has a three-dimensional structure which provides habitats for a diversity of associated fauna and flora. Sea surface temperature, water motion, light penetration and nutrient availability control the distribution of kelp forests. Factors such as violent storms, diseases, environmental fluctuations, overgrazing, pollution, and sediment influx from land can cause loss of kelp forests. Establishing marine reserves and improving water clarity by reducing sediment inputs can restore and protect kelp forests.