Dietary Protein Intake and Physical Function in Māori and Non-Māori Adults of Advanced Age in New Zealand: LiLACS NZ

Abstract

Background and aim: The population of older adults is growing exponentially. Research shows that current recommendations for protein intake are unlikely to meet the ageing requirements and link ageing with reduced physical performance. Ensuring optimal performance and function levels is crucial for independence and quality of life in older age. The Life and Living in Advanced Age: a Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS-NZ) is a cohort study in New Zealand incepted in 2010 investigating the predictors of successful ageing in older adults. This study aims to quantify the protein intake in over 90-year-olds, describe how this differs from 10 years prior and determine the association between protein intake at 2011/12 and 2021 and current (2021) physical function. Methods: Researchers invited participants and their Kaiāwhina to participate in two interviews: a 24-hour multiple pass recall (Intake24) and a standardised questionnaire with physical assessment. These measures were recorded 10 years prior. Intake24 was utilised to assess and analyse dietary intake. Physical function was measured using the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale (NEADL) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Results: Seventy-seven participants were included in the current study (23 Māori and 54 Non-Māori). Women consumed significantly less protein (g/day) than men in 2011/12 (p = 0.001) but not in 2021. There was no statistical difference in weight-adjusted protein intake between the sexes. There was an increased incidence of not meeting the EAR and RDI for protein over the 10-years. Median NEADL and SPPB scores decreased over the 10-years. Weight-adjusted protein intake in 2021 was independently associated with functional status (NEADL score) at the same time-point (p = 0.048). Weight-adjusted protein intake in 2011/12 was independently associated with functional status in 2021 (p = 0.016). Conclusions A reduction in protein intake was seen in all participants. In addition, there was an independent association between past protein intake and future physical function outcomes.