Abstract:
<h4>Aim</h4>The aim of this study is to investigate <i>Māori</i> (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand) understandings of dementia (<i>mate wareware</i>) and develop a framework to inform assessment of cognitive impairment.<h4>Method</h4>Qualitative, <i>kaupapa Māori</i> (M<i>ā</i>ori approach) research with 241 older Māori (<i>kaumātua</i>) involving 17 focus groups across Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) and eight families (<i>whānau</i>) from one region. We thematically analyzed transcribed data from audio-recorded interviews.<h4>Results</h4>Two overarching themes, namely, connection (<i>Tūhononga</i>) and self (<i>Whaiaro</i>), and eight subthemes in particular mind (<i>hinengaro</i>), spirit (<i>wairua</i>), body (<i>tinana</i>), family (<i>whānau</i>), social connection (<i>whanaungatanga</i>), identity and role (<i>tuakiri</i>), place (<i>wāhi</i>), and ancestors (<i>tūpuna</i>) emerged. Māori language (<i>Te Reo Māori</i>) was important for cognitive health.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The findings embedded in cultural values improve understanding of dementia (<i>mate wareware</i>) in Māori. These themes can inform the assessment of older Māori with cognitive impairment. For those without cognitive impairment, the <i>Tūhononga Whaiaro</i> framework suggests factors potentially crucial for healthy aging in Māori.
