A Theory of Mind: An Evaluation of a Programme for Youth Who Have Offended Using the Theory of Change Methodology

Abstract

The current project aimed to evaluate MYND, a programme for 14-17 year old boys who had offended and were considered at high risk of continuing down a “prison pipeline”. A Theory of Change methodology was used, comprised of two phases. Phase 1 involved construction of a model (the Theory of Change) which represented MYND’s most important components (key elements), intended outcomes for clients at the end of the six-month programme (short-term goals) and five years in the future (long-term goals), and additional moderating variables. The final MYND Theory of Change drew on perspectives from MYND staff in two workshops (management, youth workers) as well as from MYND clients through eight one-on-one interviews. Phase 2 aimed to investigate the efficacy of the Theory of Change constructed in phase 1. This was done by first identifying 12 assumed links (key assumptions) between MYND’s key elements, short-term goals and long-term goals. An analysis of the above client interviews and a systematic review of the literature was then completed to test each of these key assumptions. The Theory of Change methodology revealed a unique programme model with key elements grouped into staff contributions (personal qualities, role modelling, practical assistance) and programme elements (life skills lessons, fun and positive experiences, community learning environment). Key assumptions were generally supported by client interviews and the literature review. Among the most interesting findings were MYND’s combination of short-term and long-term goals. These represented both the “human flourishing” sentiment of the Positive Youth Development approach yet also acknowledged the importance of reducing offending by drawing on principles found in strengths-based approaches to rehabilitation, such as the Good Lives Model. The combined application of these theoretical lenses is a unique contribution to the broader literature on rehabilitating youth who have offended. Specific recommendations for MYND included continued use of the Theory of Change, some small changes to MYND’s life skills, administration of a repeatable questionnaire, further whānau involvement, and measuring and targeting intrinsic motivation to increase client engagement in what MYND has to offer. Some suggestions were also made regarding the development of other strengths-based programmes for youth who have offended in New Zealand.