Blockchain-based Information Systems to Improve Design Liability Control and Security of Information Exchange Records on Construction Projects

Abstract

For the successful delivery of projects, the construction industry is dependent on one of its most important resources—information. Improving information exchange practices has been identified as critical in resolving the industry's key strategic challenges. While the use of Information Systems (IS) has improved these practices, they rarely exhibit critical properties such as reliability, authenticity, and resistance to tampering. Recent literature has pointed towards the potential of blockchain technology (BCT) to address some of the limitations of information exchange practices in the construction industry. However, the feasibility of blockchain-based IS (BBIS), and its applicability to addressing the issues relating to design liability and information security has not been sufficiently addressed. Therefore, this research aims to fill this gap. First, a literature review was conducted using an exploratory research methodology to understand the existing research and verify the research gap. Next, using the design science research method, the research developed a novel BBIS prototype called Probative Information Exchange Records System (PIERS). Consequently, PIERS was tested for functional feasibility and its ability to address the research challenges. Finally, the research developed a technology acceptance model to understand the adoption of BBIS at the end-user level. The results indicated that BCT has the potential to clarify design liability, increase the reliability of information exchanged and enhance the security of information flow. Furthermore, given the nature of records stored in a blockchain, they can prevent destruction and concealment of evidence, provide an impeccable provenance that cannot be fabricated by any project user, eliminate the dependence of evidence on the source of creation or its storage platform among others. Finally, predictions for BBIS adoption indicated that although users will recognise the benefits of BBIS, it will be hard to drive a case for change. Furthermore, users do not find the current organisation and technical setting capable of facilitating BBIS use. It is envisaged that BBIS used in conjunction with the existing IS is suitable for improving information management on construction projects. Furthermore, integration of BCT to the current IS at the software architectural level is ideal to benefit the end-users and enable a smooth technical infrastructure for usage.