Poppitt, SSequeira, ILee, Tsz Yan Janice2019-07-222019https://hdl.handle.net/2292/47404Full Text is available to authenticated members of The University of Auckland only.Background: Obesity is associated with increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diet, particularly dietary fibre, may be protective against T2D by reducing fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level and insulin resistance (IR). Aim: To investigate the relationship between diet and established risk markers and evaluate dietary pattern, focusing on dietary fibre intake, in a subset of normoglycaemic and prediabetic adults enrolled in the cross-sectional Thin on the Outside Fat on the Inside 'TOFI'_Asia study. Methods: 174 participants (99 European Caucasian, 75 Asian Chinese) underwent detailed measurements i.e. anthropometry, blood biochemistry and body composition for assessment of risk markers. They also completed a 103-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with dietary patterns analysed, macronutrient and fibre intake quantified using FoodWorks. Results: Asian Chinese participants had significantly greater mean FPG (p<0.001), HbA1c (p<0.001), marginally elevated insulin and HOMA2-IR than European Caucasian counterparts, despite similar body mass index (BMI), percent total body and abdominal fat. Greater proportion of Asian Chinese participants had prediabetes (40%). Dietary assessment revealed greater energy (p=0.01), protein (p=0.01) and fat (p=0.01) intake with similar dietary fibre intake in these individuals compared to European Caucasian counterparts. Interestingly, within Asian Chinese cohort, independent of type of fibre, increased fibre intake was associated with corresponding increase in FPG (p=0.04) and HbA1c (p=0.04). Dietary pattern revealed that Asian Chinese had more frequent consumption of rice (p<0.001), particularly white rice (p<0.001) and less bread (p=0.003), with preference for white bread (p=0.01). Importantly, there was evidence of consumption of more Westernised food items such as wholemeal bread, multi-grain breakfast cereals, muesli and Weetbix in these individuals. Conclusion: The greater established T2D risk markers exhibited by Asian Chinese participants may be due to increased energy consumption and acculturation of diet. While no clear relationship was observed between dietary fibre intake and T2D risk markers in the subset of 174 participants, the unexpected positive relation between fibre intake and FPG in the Asian Chinese cohort may perhaps allude to factors beyond diet.Items in ResearchSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. Previously published items are made available in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher.https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/rights.htmThesisCopyright: The authorQ112949186