Te Kete Whanaketanga – Rangatahi: A model of positive development for Māori youth

Abstract

This thesis seeks to understand what contributes to positive youth development (PYD) in Māori youth (rangatahi) and the indicators of such development. A mixed-method approach was used. The quantitative study analysed data from Māori participants (N=2059) aged 12-18 years in a representative national youth survey (Youth 2007 survey). The questions in the survey that reflected the ‘contributors’ (to PYD) and ‘wellbeing indicators’ (of PYD) were identified and analysed. In particular, correlational analyses explored the relationship between the ‘contributors’ to development and the ‘wellbeing indicators’. The qualitative study consisted of interviews and focus groups with rangatahi (N = 8) and youth workers (N = 6) in order to further understand what PYD is for rangatahi and the relationship between the contributors and the wellbeing indicators. The data from both studies was used to develop Te Kete Whanaketanga – Rangatahi; a model that can be used by practitioners and researchers in further research. This model, depicted as a kete, represents the ongoing cyclical nature of development that feeds back in on itself. The contributors are: ‘relationships’, ‘activities’, ‘cultural factors’, ‘education/work’, ‘healthy lifestyles’, ‘socio-historical factors’ and ‘personal characteristics’. The wellbeing indicators are: ‘collective responsibility’, ‘successfully navigating the world’, ‘cultural efficacy’, ‘health’, and ‘personal strengths’. Suggestions of how this model can be used are provided, such as with E Tipu e Rea (the Māori Youth Development Strategy), and with Whānau Ora. Futher research suggestions such as a incorporating a wider qualitative sample and designing a scale for rangatahi development are given. There are also suggestions made for a follow up to the Youth 2007.