Effectiveness of Constructed Wetland Systems for Mitigating Water Contamination: A Review in a Tropical Climate

Abstract

The ongoing urbanisation associated with increases in impervious surfaces in Bangkok has led to a high degree of contamination, increased water runoff, decreased water quality, and ecological degradation. As ecological and environmental issues have become more complex, sustainable solutions need to be incorporated to deal with the inherent complexity of urban issues. Constructed wetlands (CWs) provide a significant ecological service to mitigate contaminants from water discharge or other impacts and disturbance caused by urban development. These techniques use natural processes of plants and microorganisms to purify the water. This paper reviews recent research on constructed wetlands of tropical regions by drawing from peer-reviewed articles on the various practices. Also examined were existing urban issues, low impact approach practices, the potential of CWs for contaminant removal, and possible strategies for CWs implementation in Bangkok.