Barking up the right tree: how unhoused dog owners navigate social support services

Abstract

Homelessness is a critical social issue that affects numerous individuals globally. In New Zealand, a proportion of unhoused individuals rely on companion animals, particularly dogs, for emotional and psychological support. Despite the important role these animals play, the experiences of unhoused dog owners when accessing services for themselves and their dogs remain underexplored. This study seeks to examine the experiences of unhoused dog owners when accessing services, using social constructionism and Communities of Practice (CoPs) as theoretical frameworks. The objectives are to explore the emotional bond between unhoused individuals and their dogs, identify barriers to service access, and assess the support provided by service providers and the public. The research involved empathy interviews with three previously homeless individuals who owned dogs, and employees from four service providers (Auckland City Mission, Orange Sky NZ, The Salvation Army NZ, and Street Paws UK). Thematic analysis was applied to the interview data to extract key themes and insights. The primary strength of this study lies in its use of empathy interviews, which provided deep, qualitative insights into the personal experiences of unhoused dog owners and service providers. The study also recognises limitations such as researcher bias, constraints related to time and resources, and issues with sample size and recruitment, which were addressed through rigorous measures such as reflexive journaling, triangulation, and targeted recruitment strategies to maintain the quality and reliability of the data collected. This research confirms that unhoused dog owners share a profound emotional connection with their dogs, which greatly enhances their well-being. However, the presence of their pets creates additional barriers to accessing services. Despite these obstacles, some support is offered by service providers and the public. This study also highlights feelings of shame and mistrust towards service providers among unhoused dog owners, and reveals the need for improved collaboration, education, and advocacy in future service provision. This research thesis contributes to the understanding of the experiences of unhoused dog owners, highlighting the need for inclusive and supportive services for those with pets. The findings suggest that future efforts ought to focus on addressing the unique challenges faced by this group to enhance their well-being and social inclusion.